臺灣威權統治晚期的新生份子監控體制初探

A Preliminary Study of the Monitoring System for the Reborns (Hsin Sheng Fen Tzu) in Taiwan’s Late-Authoritarian Period

本文主要以高雄地區警察機關監控陳三興、柯旗化等出獄叛亂犯的紙本紀錄為基礎，拼湊臺灣戰後威權統治期間、國民黨政府企圖與敵人共存的手段和效果。由於無法將明確已知的敵人―叛亂犯徹底消滅，自西元（以下同）1950年代初期，國民黨政府遂將出獄叛亂犯統一編為「新生份子」持續監控；除為提防當事人再犯，也期待將當事人打造成順服且富有道德感的理想國民。然對實際負責監控與管教工作的基層警察而言，法制揭示的政策目標從未徹底落實。相反地，結合政治偵防的特殊性、機關內部層級分化的組織型態，以及警察機關的業務安排，致使警察保衛政權的工作流於形式、重要性日益邊緣。

By analyzing the archives of the Kaohsiung City Police Department, this thesis attempts to portray the methods and the actual results of the surveillance-reeducation tasks carried out by the rank and file police officers towards the political dissidents released from prison, Chen San-Hsiang and Ko Chi-Hua in this case, as part of the overall policies of the Kuomintang (KMT) government (hereinafter referred to as ＂the government＂) dealing with the ＂enemies＂ in Taiwan during the post-WWII authoritarian period. Since the early 1950s, the government had continued to conduct surveillance and impose strict restrictions on the convicted political dissidents after they were released from prison, who were labeled as ＂Hsin Sheng Fen Tzu＂ (or the Reborn). Meanwhile, through the routine surveillance-reeducation measures, the government also tried to transform these ＂enemies within＂ into obedient, conscientious citizens of the ideal type. However, for the local police officers who were the actual executors of the routine surveillance-reeducation tasks, the policy goal mentioned above was never achieved. In fact, due to the special characteristics of the political surveillance, the bureaucratic structure of the government apparatus, and the exploding workload of the Taiwanese police, the daily surveillance-reeducation tasks, which demanded a considerable amount of time and manpower but came with little effect, had become an administrative blackhole for the rank-and-file police.