論說文中的預告功能

The function of a prior announcement in an argumentative essay

論說文的目的在於論述作者本身意見並說服讀者。為此，如何才能讓讀者了解文章內容是重要寫作技巧之一，在這點上應可看出作者的各種努力。本稿針對作者表達意圖之一的預告，分析其種類、性格及表達效果，結果得知如下：a.預告可從3個觀點來分類：進行預告之先行句與被預告之後續句的關係、有標或無標、文章全體或部分。b.根據進行預告先行文與被預告後續文的關係之觀點，予告可分成：透過希望來預告、透過前置來預告、透過階層來預告、透過疑問來預告、透過要約來預告。C.預告可擁有多重性格。d.有標預告比無標預告在表達效果上更具淺顯易懂之優點，但同時在表達技巧上有單調化之缺點。

The function of an argumentative essay is to demonstrate a position or an argument in the hope of convincing the reader. The re fore, how to organize arguments to make the reader completely capture the points being raised is very important. Consequently, writers need to make conscious efforts to make their arguments fully pronounced.One of the rhetorical devices writers often use to increase the persuasive power of their argumentative essay is to pose a prior announcement. This paper reports a study on this device in terms of its types, characteristics and rhetorical effects. The findings are listed as follows.a. A prior announcement can be analyzed from three angles: its relation between the preceding and succeeding sentences, markedness, and the argumentative points it targets at.b. Based on its relation between the preceding and succeeding sentences, a prior announcement can be one of the following types: a prior announcement to express hope, to forecast, to initiate a series of discussions, to pose a question, and to give an overview.c. A prior announcement has a multi-character.d. The marked prior announcement is preferred to the unmarked because the rhetorical effect of the former is stronger than the latter in that the reader ca n more easily get hold of the point being made However, the marked one tends to appear formulaic and thus falls short of expression.