新聞日語標題的轉喻性

Headlines of Japanese newspaper and metonymy

新聞標題雖然以各種形式呈現，但訴之於讀者仍不外乎通過物性（空間概念），凸顯出其事性（時間概念）。表現手法通常採用「略語與省略」、「語序變換」「主動句與被動句變換」、「「首句」或『首句＋本文』轉化成標題」以吸引讀者的關心與注意。換言之，新聞標題以語用論為背景，透過語意論之支撐，才能精確闡釋表層的句法結構…以此觀點而言，即使訴之於客觀事實報導的時事新聞乃至於新聞標題，所呈現的「事實」仍脫離不了撰稿者的主觀「意見」。此點與落合（2007）所謂的「客觀性」否定論有異曲同工之處。總而言之，新聞標題可視為修辭學技法上轉喻的極致發揮表現。

Headlines of the newspaper seem to be rich in variety but they all try to appeal readers by using things (spatial concept) in order to emphasize entities (temporal concept). Several methods have been used so far, they are ‘abbreviation and omission’, ‘conversion of word order’, ‘conversion of active sentence to passive’ and ‘using the first line to appeal as the title’, etc… In other words, the surface sentence structures of news headline are comprehended based on pragmatic reading and semantic reasoning. From this point of view, although the headlines and news stories should behave in an objective manner, the so-called ‘facts’ they present can not avoid the subjectivity of judgments held by writers and editors.This point of view corresponds well with the negation of objectivity presented by Ochiai (2007). Needless to say, the headlines of newspaper are wonderful materials of rhetoric.