翻譯與文化認知的關聯性

The Relationship of Interpretation and Culture Cognition

翻譯所蘊含的問題包括譯者對兩種語言的正確運用以及對兩國文化的深刻理解。向來眾所了解的「語言對語言的翻譯」，語言理解自屬當然外，文化背景的不同也會對翻譯的成果帶來極大影響。同時，譯者對語言的見地、能力以及原文的解釋，也會因渠個人日積月累的世界觀和人生觀之變化而產出不同的翻譯結果來。這裡所謂的世界觀種種，正是一個人經驗的認知（cognition）。因此，我們說翻譯和文化有著密切的關連一點也不為過。過去選修翻譯課的學生將仿製食品（コピー食品）「鹹鮭魚卵」直接音譯成中文的「伊固拉」，誠令人啼笑皆非，而仿製食品一語也有10種的譯法。換言之，原文中出現的固有風土事物也是造成譯者苦思難譯的主因之一。誤譯雖有來自字典或參考圖書不齊備因素，但大部分起因於外語或文化理解錯誤所致。然而，除外語能力外，我們經常會發現到攸關文化、傳統差異的翻譯不可能性與誤譯。此一雙方文化的認知，是翻譯的課題，於作譯之前應已具備。將藉由本研究進行實際探討，以喚起翻譯的重視。

Interpretation involves the interpreter's corrective usage of two languages and deep cognition of the cultures of two countries. Besides the usual understanding of language-to-language translation, the difference in cultural background is greatly effect the result of translation. At the same time, interpreter's insight, ability and interpretation of the original text are influenced by their view of the world and life to produce different interpretation results. Here we call the view of the world is the cognition of a person's past experience. We could say that interpretation and culture are closely related.In the past there were students translated an imitation food product ”salmon roe” as ”YiGuLa”. In fact, the text ”imitation food product” has ten different kinds of interpretation. In another word, the most difficulties for the interpreters occur at the cultural affair in the original text.Although misinterpretation is caused by the lack of dictionary or reference books, most of the cognition mistakes are caused by foreign language or culture gap. Besides the ability to interpret a foreign language, we usually find interpretation uncertainty or misinterpretation about culture or tradition. It is a big issue for interpretation in understanding both cultures and should have obtained such before interpretation. The study aims for the importance in interpretation through practical discussion.