從「客觀性」修辭的分析觀點，探究新聞報道文章標題的表現特徵

Expressional Features of Headlines in Press Report Articles: From a Viewpoint of Rhetorical Analysis of ''Objectivity''

第二次世界大戰之後，日本的媒體以「客觀報導」理念為準則，從事新聞報道。但是，從媒體研究、媒體策略等觀點來檢視其「客觀性」，常會不少出現令人存疑之處。再者，從事日語教育上，對於媒體報導方式的客觀性完全採取百分之百的信賴，常採用新聞報導當作介紹日本實況的活教材。通常忽視新聞報導是否具有「客觀性」與否？本篇論文，實際採樣了2006年10月份《每日新聞》頭版報導中的19條標題，並依據木下是雄所主張的「事實」與「意見」、中村明所主張的修辭方法、G. Lakoff & M. Johnson所主張的比喻，三者為基準先明示其表現的特徴。繼之，再分析其「客觀性」修辭法。結果顯示：18條新聞報導當中，無法判斷「事實」或「意見」的報導，以及修辭法或比喻中潛藏了寫作報導文章者意圖的文章居多。由此可見，新聞標題的「客観性」，是值得存疑。新聞報導的「客觀性」當然會依各家媒體的經營方針，多少有些差異。在獲得最終結論前，仍需增多採樣文章的數量，以及擴大至其他報社，才會更具說服力與客觀。然而現階段可以確定的是利用新聞報導當作日語教育的活教材，其所具有的「客觀性」，仍有再審視探討的空間。除此之外，解讀出基本的新聞報道文章的表現方法，乃至於利用修辭方法崁入作者意圖之類的吹噓廣告方式，亦是本論文的一大收穫。此日文文章寫作方式，將可以循序漸進式教導給學生，成為學生在日文文章創作的一個參考指標。以利其順應不同情況之需。

The mass media of Japan after the war executes the report of ”Objectivity report”. However, the viewpoint of the media research and media literacy has the doubt in the ”Objectivity”. Moreover, Japanese education had hardly considered ”Objectivity” of the report. And, Japanese education has made the text of the mass media a live teaching material by a teaching material and the current class. Really, isn't there a problem concerning ”Objectivity” there? This thesis has preliminary investigated 19 headlines of reported articles in the top side of 'Mainichi Shinbun' in October, 2006.This thesis has caught expressional features of headlines based on ”Fact” and ”Opinion” by Koreo Kinoshita, the technique of the rhetoric by Akira Nakamura, and G. Lakoff &M. Johnson's metaphors. This thesis has done the rhetoric analysis concerning ”Objectivity” at the same time. As a result, this research has found a lot of headlines impossibility of judgments concerning ”Fact” or ”Opinion” and usage of the rhetoric technique or the metaphor. As for this thesis, headlines of report articles are admitted that there are a lot of problems in the point of ”Objectivity”.Therefore, Japanese education should reexamine ”Objectivity” of the teaching material from the mass media and should be conscious of the expression techniques of text from the mass media In addition. We should teach the technique of the mass media in the class.