中日代表女性詞彙之比較研究──以正面及負面評價之詞彙為主

A Comparative Study of Expressions and Phrases of Women in Chinese and Japanese: A Perspective of Positive and Negative Expressions and Phrases

因中日詞彙中代表女性詞彙的數量及種類相當多，故本研究選擇其中的正面及負面評價之詞彙為主題進行探討。本研究的目的是期望能藉由中日代表女性詞彙中關於正面及負面評價之詞彙的考察及比較，進而找出兩者的特徴及異同。本研究的詞彙收集自中日的國語辭典、類義語辭典、專門用語辭典、詞彙集、小說等；並根據各個詞的詞義將收集來的詞彙分類為“家族關係”“容貌美醜”“比喻表現”“品徳及操行方面”“學藝優秀的女性及罵人話”“其他”。透過本研究可得到以下幾點結論。（1）日文裏代表女性正面評價之詞彙的數量稍比負面評價之詞彙的數量多，但中文裏代表女性正面評價之詞彙的數量卻遠超過負品評價之詞彙。（2）中日詞彙在各分類中皆以「容貌美醜」這一類的詞最多。（3）中文裏代表女性負面評價之詞彙數量不多，而多數是怒罵女性的詞語。（4）因本研究之日文詞彙以「漢語」居多，所以，中日詞彙中代表女性正面及負面評價之詞彙有不少類義表現及中日同形詞。

Because of the large number and variety of vocabulary, which represents women in Chinese and Japanese, I chose positive and negative expressions and phrases for women as the theme for the research. The purpose of this research is to find out the characteristics, similarities, and differences in the two languages' in this regard by researching and comparing them. The conclusions of this research are as follows. (1) In Japanese, the number of positive expressions and phrases for women is slightly more than the negative ones; however, in Chinese, the positive expressions and phrases for women are far greater than the negative ones. (2) Words from the ”Physical Appearance” category are far greater than those in all other categories. (3) The number of negative expressions and phrases for women in Chinese are relatively few, but the majority of them are concerned with cursing women. (4) Since the Japanese vocabulary of this research is mostly 'kanji', there are a lot of synonyms and homographs between the Japanese and Chinese.