大江健三郎文學研究──父親與天皇

Thesis on Kenzaburo Oe's Works: Emperor and Father

大江健三郎氏（以下簡稱大江）之父親大江好太郎氏於1944年（昭和19年）過逝，當時大江僅有九歳。依據渡邊廣士之論點，在戰爭末期戰渦之期間因父親的死與天皇導致的死之間，係以面對死亡之恐怖為媒介將父親與天皇之關係連結一起。而此關連建立之根本是否僅有實際體驗到之死亡恐怖呢？本論文為究明此問題，首先將提示大江五十年作品中之父親全體像，並明確定位父親之位置。再者，以權威者表像父親之觀點進行考察，由父親以反諷表現手法之過程檢視「為何選定父親與天皇」之課題，並導出結論。最終明確確立父親像與大江所選定主題之關連，並可依隨大江年齡看到父親形象之變化進而得到深度了解。又，除認識到大江與自敘體小說中重疊部分之主人翁係將父親視為具權威身份之統率者、族長之一面外，若將父親視為縱軸之底邊，而頂點即為君臨天下之天皇，於此可決定性看到父親與天皇之關連。另一方面，相對於將信奉天皇一體化之超國家主義之父親，並和遵守村落傳承之母親則置於對立之頂點，由比可了解大江的小說係以反諷法來凸顯天皇制與超國家主義之制度。

Kotaro Oe passed away in 1944 (Showa 19); his son, K enzaburo Oe (hereinafter called ”Oe”), was barely 9 years old.Hiroshi Watanabe declares that the lives of the common people dedicated to the Emperor and the death of his patriotic father in the catastrophic World War inspired Oe not only to explore the impeccable relationship his father had with the Emperor, but also to understand the fear of death. However, does this relationship come exclusively from that fear Oe experienced?This thesis analyzes how Oe has reflected the total image of his father on his literature works over the past 50 years. It also addresses on the characteristics of the father considering Oe as an authoritative official himself. Finally, this paper attempts to verify the existence and significance of his father's intimate relationship with the Emperor, portraying his father of different personalities so as to draw fresh angles of conclusion. The above themes tied in with the images of Oe's father in his intellectual literature works at various stages of publications and that image has been changed significantly as he grows old. Particularly in his classical tales, the protagonist, who sometimes reflected Oe himself, referred to Oe's father as an authoritative official and a strong leader. This infers that if his father is to be placed at the bottom of longitudinal axis, then the Emperor occupied the apex-symbolizing that the two would still be closely linked to each other.