自國際法及國內法分析專屬經濟海域內漁船駁油之法律規範

A Study on the Legal Norms of Bunkering of Fishing Vessel in the EEZ by Analyzing of International Law and Domestic Law of Taiwan

依據《聯合國海洋法公約》（以下簡稱《公約》），沿海國在其專屬經濟海域內對管理及養護海洋資源享有權利並承擔責任。另一方面，他國國民在沿海國專屬經濟海域內捕魚，則應遵守養護管理措施，並應遵守沿海國根據《公約》所制定之法令規章，諸如發證、報告、監控及執法程序等。然而，由於科技的躍進及漁業貿易市場的轉變，當今的漁業型態已與過去大不相同。許多捕魚相關活動的型態在《公約》中並未賦予明確的定義。有些支援活動對傳統漁業而言並非必要，但在現代漁業則扮演重要角色。因此，判斷這些支援活動，例如海上駁油，是否得受到沿海國的規範是至關重要的。假使沿海國對於這些專屬經濟海域內的活動並不享有管轄權，則沿海國對之任何立法或執法措施將會侵害其國際法上權利，反之亦然。本文將探討以下兩個問題：第一，「漁船駁油」是否被視為從事漁業相關支援活動；第二，臺灣關於「漁船駁油」之國內法規範。最後，對不足處提出具體建議，期完備相關法制。

Under the United Nations on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), a coastal State not only has rights but also bears duties to manage and conserve marine resources in the EEZ. On the other hand, nationals of other States fishing in the EEZ of a coastal State shall comply with the conservation measures and obey the terms and conditions established in the laws and regulations of the coastal State, such as licensing, reporting obligation, monitoring measures, as well as enforcement procedures. However, due to the great improvement of technolog y and rapid transformation of fishery trading market, the types of fishery activities nowadays are very different from the past. Many types of fishing-related activities are not clearly defined in the UNCLOS. Some supportive activities are not necessities of traditional fishery but play important roles in the modern fishery. Therefore, whether these supportive activities, bunkering at sea for instance, can be regulated by the coastal State is vital. If the coastal State has no jurisdiction over these activities in the EEZ, then any legislative or executive measures taken by the coastal State will infringe upon the rights in international law, and vice versa. Thus, two questions will be discussed in this study. First, whether bunkering of fishing vessel is deemed as one type of fishing-related activities. Second, whether bunkering of fishing vessel is regulated in the domestic regulations of Taiwan. Finally, suggestions to close the legal loophole will be given.