《觀音十二圓覺》的菩薩化身與度化對象探究

A Study of the Bodhisattva’s Incarnation and the Disciple Image in “The Twelve People whom Guanyin Enlightened (Avalokiteśvara)”

《觀音十二圓覺》是清代以「觀世音菩薩度化民眾事蹟」為主體的寶卷。此本的制作緣於「以佛勸世」的民間教派（青蓮教），雜有儒、道，乃至於先天思想，其中菩薩諸多化身（如貧婆、美女、草寇、童子、比丘），以及眾多度化對象（如富翁、官人、匪徒、富家妻妾與子女）等「人物形象」的特質與行事意義，既有來自《普門品》菩薩各種化身救度眾生的概念，又能吸納許多民間文藝與文化的表現內涵，使義理包容於俗情，顯現宗教曲藝向大眾傳播的特色。因此，本文即以傅斯年圖書館藏本為底本，探討其展現菩薩化身與度化者形象的表現特色與意義。特別是透過這種詩讚體歌辭與散體說解相互搭配的形式，在情節推展與人物形象意義的表現上，所能產生的效果與作用。

“The Twelve People whom Guanyin Enlightened” is a precious scroll about Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) and twelve fully conscious people compiled in the Qing Dynasty. It contains the innate thought content of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and folk sects (Xiantian Dao and Green Lotus sect). Guanyin Bodhisattva’s protagonist has many incarnations (such as poor women, beauties, bandits, boys, monks) and enlightens many objects (such as rich men, officials, gangsters, wealthy wives, children, and such as well). This concept comes from “Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva Pumenpin,” and many folklores and cultures make doctrine inclusive of popular sentiments and show the characteristics of the spread of religious folk art masses. This article is based on the Fu Si Nian Library’s collection to discuss the characteristics and significance of its manifestation of the image of the Bodhisattva incarnation. This form of poems can produce this form of poems, songs, and prose in the expressions.