面子和關係需求孰重？華人文化下青少年的幸福感前因探討

Which need motivation is more important, face or guanxi? A study of the antecedents of adolescents’ well-being under the Chinese culture

幸福感是古今中外國家和人民的生活重點。因此，找出幸福感之源頭是重要的議題。青少年是國家未來的主人翁，故本研究針對他們來了解青春期對幸福的感受。然而受到儒家思想影響，華人文化較西方文化重視關係，強調維護面子。因此，本研究旨在探討華人文化影響下，青少年需求動機、自尊與幸福感之關係，並分析面子需求和關係需求對幸福感的影響力比較。本研究採問卷調查法，取樣範圍含高雄以南地區大專院校大學一、二年級及五專四、五年級生。本研究共計發出1174份問卷，有效問卷共計970份。本研究獲得以下結論：（1）面子需求和關係需求動機分別對自尊有顯著正向影響；（2）自尊對幸福感有顯著正向顯著影響；（3）自尊在需求動機與幸福感間具有部份中介效果；（4）關係需求對幸福感的間接影響力大於面子需求動機。最後，彙整研究結果與發現，提供教育與學生學習的實務上具體建議。

Well-being is the focus of people in all countries and at all times. Therefore, to find the sources of well-being is an important issue. Adolescents are the backbone of our country in the future. Thus, the study targets adolescents to understand their feelings of well-being. However, Chinese culture places more emphasis on guanxi and face. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationships among need motivation, self-esteem and well-being of adolescents under Chinese culture, and to compare the influence of face and guanxi needs on well-being. The study adopts survey method, and the sampling includes freshmen and sophomores of university, and fourth- and fifth- graders of five-year junior college in Kaohsiung. There were 1174 questionnaires issued, and 970 copies were valid. This study got the following conclusions: (1) Both need motivations, face and guanxi, have significant positive effects on self-esteem; (2) Self-esteem has significant positive effect on well-being; (3) Self-esteem has partial mediating effect between need motivation and well-being; (4) The indirect effect of guanxi need on well-being is greater than the face need. Finally, summarizing the research findings, we offer specific suggestions on the practice of education and student learning.