春秋時代綴以「汭」為名之地考察──兼談〈曾侯與鐘〉「汭土」問題

An Investigation of Place Names with the Character Rui in the Spring and Autumn Period, Including a Discussion of the Term Ruitu from ''Marquis Zeng and Chimes''

春秋時代以「汭」為名的點，絕大部分是出現在南方楚文化區域較多，可能與南方水系較密集，河流交匯處較多有關，僅有二處的汭是指中原地區，如渭汭及洛汭。考察春秋時代以汭為名的點，基本上可以歸納為四種情況：（一）河流交匯處所形成的隈曲地（二）河流與湖泊的交匯處（三）河流以北之隈曲處（四）其他（位置無法確指者）。汭不僅限於河流交匯處而已，還可擴大為河流以北之隈曲處，如洛汭即是這種情況。至於〈曾侯與鐘〉之「汭土」，從曾國的銅器分布及西周初年的都城考古情況來看，汭土當指在漂水與溳水交匯處一帶所形成的隩處，而其都城廟臺子遺址也在此地不遠之處，其情況可屬河流交匯處所形成的隈曲地。依文獻的命名習慣，此交匯處當可稱為「漻汭」。

The places named with the character rui汭in the Spring and Autumn period were mostly located in the southern parts of the Chu cultural zone, and the use of the term was tied to the dense river systems of the area. Only two locations with the character rui- Weirui渭汭and Luorui洛汭- are found in the Central China region. This article shows that during the Spring and Autumn period rui was used to demarcate places with the following topographical features: (1) river intersections or bends formed at intersections; (2) intersections of rivers and lakes; (3) bends located on the northern side of rivers; (4) other (where the position cannot be confirmed). The term rui was thus not limited to river confluences, but could also be applied to river bends on the northern side of rivers, as in the case of Luorui洛汭. As for the ruitu汭土from ''Marquis Zeng and Chimes,''曾侯與鐘the distribution of bronzes from Zeng and the archaeological conditions of the capital in the early Western Zhou dynasty indicate that the term ruitu refers to the bend formed at the intersection of the Piao and Yun rivers. The Miaotaizi廟臺子ruins are not far from this location, and can be categorized as belonging to a river intersection or bend formed at a confluence. According to the naming conventions found in extant documents, the area at this intersection can be referred to as Liaorui漻汭.