農產品運銷之碳足跡及波及效果分析──以臺灣毛豬產業為例

Carbon Footprint Analysis of Urban-Rural Transportation and Marketing of Agricultural Products: The Case Study of Hog Industry in Taiwan

"消費者的行為影響著環境，環境改變也直接或間接地影響消費模式。我國國人偏好溫體豬肉導致豬農將毛豬以活體方式運至遠端的利基消費市場，因而產生了大量的碳排放，不符合聯合國頒布的第12項永續發展目標。本研究利用2016年全臺19個毛豬供應縣市和21個肉品市場的交易數據，配合多項政府統計資料計算出偏好溫體豬肉的消費行為所產生的二氧化碳當量（CO2e），以及在此運輸過程中對通行縣市所產生的碳排放量之波及效果（spillover effect），並以各國碳價估算出我國因偏好溫體豬的消費行為所產生的不必要碳價負擔。研究結果顯示，毛豬由生產縣市運至消費縣市，總共產生了8,559公噸的碳排放量。其中，臺北市因消費來自全臺的溫體豬而產生了1,767公噸（20.6％）的碳排放為最高，其次為新北市20.3％、桃園市13.3％。產地則由雲林縣產地四面八方運送而產生3,585公噸的碳排放量最高，占總排放量的41.9％。受南豬北運所穿行的縣則以苗栗縣被波及全臺15.5％的碳排量最高，其次為彰化縣14％、雲林縣13％。若改為屠體運至當地肉品市場的模式，一年可減少4,753公噸碳排放量，為我國節省29萬至2,055萬新臺幣的碳稅。"

Consumers behavior affects the environment. In turn, environmental changes directly or indirectly influence consumption patterns. In Taiwan, the preference for fresh pork has caused pig farmers to transport live pigs to consumers' markets; therefore, generating substantial carbon emissions. This does not align with the agenda of the United Nations SDG12. This study uses data on trading of live-weight pig (consisting of 19 production counties and 21 auction meat markets), and statistics from the government to estimate carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) produced by consumers' behaviors of fresh warm pork. Carbon emissions accumulated during the transportation of live pigs and spillover effect were used to estimate the carbon pricing burden in producing counties caused by consumption lifestyle in Taiwan. The estimation was based on carbon pricing from various countries. Results show that the transportation of live pig from producing counties to consumption counties/cities generated 8,559 metric tons of carbon emissions. Amongst the consumption cities, Taipei city had the highest carbon emissions of 1,767 metric tons (20.6%), followed by New Taipei City (20.3%), and Taoyuan City was ranked third (13.3%). Yunlin County generated the highest carbon emissions of 3,585 metric tons in terms of production area, accounting for 41.9% of the total emissions. From the perspective of live pig transportation from southern Taiwan, Miaoli County has the highest carbon emissions of 15.5%, followed by Changhua County (14%) and Yunlin County (13%). Changes in the mode of transportation for live pig-weight can reduce carbon emissions by 4,753 metric tons a year; thereby, saving approximately 290,000-20,550,000 Taiwan dollars of carbon taxes.