長期照顧機構老年住民的營養照護

Nutritional Care of Older Adult Residents Living in Long-Term Care Facilities

約有17.5％－50.5％的老年住民有營養不良與營養不良風險的健康問題，營養不良與老人的衰弱、肌少症、貧血、跌倒、罹病率與死亡率有關；因此，定期監測老年住民的營養狀態、及早介入營養照護措施，可以預防因營養不良所造成的失能與健保負擔。本文首先介紹老年住民營養不良的篩檢與診斷，然後分別說明老年住民的營養照護原則、特定健康問題老年住民的營養照護、脫水老年住民的營養照護與營養照護的行為—環境因素，最後論述老年住民在營養照護的挑戰與建議。

An estimated one-fifth to one half (17.5%-50.5%) of the older adult residents living in long-term care facilities are either malnourished or at risk of malnourishment. Malnutrition in older adults is related to frailty, sarcopenia, anemia, falls, morbidity, and mortality. Monitoring nutritional status and instituting appropriate nutritional care plans in long-term care facilities can help prevent the development of disabilities in older adult residents and reduce long-term healthcare expenditures. In this article, after introducing the primary diagnostic tests for malnutrition, the three main nutritional care principles are presented in the following categories: non-specific health problems, specific-health problems, and dehydration are presented. Next, the behavioral-environmental factors of nutritional care are defined. Finally, the related challenges and practical recommendations are discussed.