乳腺增生之中西醫觀點與預防癌變之探討

Benign Breast Disease-Mammary Gland Hyperplasia and Breast Cancer Prevention: Different Viewpoints from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

乳腺增生是女性最常見的乳房疾病，其發病率佔乳腺疾病的首位，近年更呈逐年上升的趨勢。本文為專論，先探討乳腺增生的中西觀點及病理機轉，再探討中醫中藥與針灸之治療策略。乳腺增生根據組織學分類，分為增生性病灶有／無非典型細胞兩類，前者已被視為是癌前期病變，後者即便不算癌前病變，仍有著各種程度的癌變風險。因此無論有或無非典型細胞增生，均需以預防醫學角度予以高度重視。西醫目前對乳腺增生的治療，除直接手術切除外，多以內分泌治療為手段。中醫對乳腺增生的發病機理以及治療策略已累積深入的認識及豐富的治療方式，病機常以肝脾腎三臟及衝任不調為本，氣血痰濕鬱結聚為標，採取標、本兼治，少副作用，可積極達到防止惡化癌變的預防醫學。

Mammary gland hyperplasia is quite common among females, and is still increasing in recent years. This is a monograph firstly discussing on the viewpoints from traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine as well as the pathologic mechanisms, and secondly focusing on the Chinese Medicine treatment strategies including herbal formula and acupuncture. Mammary gland hyperplasia is categorized into proliferative lesions without atypia and atypical hyperplasia. Both types have cancer risks, the latter especially being regarded as precancerous stage. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to find solution to prevent the hyperplasia from getting into breast cancer stage. So far, surgery and hormone therapy are the main strategies in western medicine. Chinese medicine had long developed the knowledge and various treatment strategies on mammary gland hyperplasia, addressing both symptoms and root causes with few side effects, actively achieving the preventive medicine.