華語為外語學習者的華語擦音聲學之對比研究

Phonetic Contrast in CFL Learners' Production of Mandarin Fricatives

本文的主要目的是經由語音聲學的分析來探討華語與日本、越南、泰國等三國華語學習者的華語擦音的語音差異，並從這些差異中，討論未來華語教學上的理論與經驗上的可行方向。過去有關華語教學的語音，大都是由教師或研究者的耳聽方式來判斷，至於實際上有何語音差異，迄今仍沒有完整的研究。本論文除了補足這方面的不足之外，還想透過聲學分析理解華語擦音的語音特質，如擦音音長、擦音的頻率低點（頻率頂點）、擦音到母音（CV）的共振峰過渡段等聲學特質，瞭解華語學習者遇到的語音困難。本文的擦音，包括擦音（fricatives）和阻擦音（affricates）。語料分析之後，本文試著探論華語教學的理論與經驗啟示。

It is the goal of this article to investigate, on the basis of phonetic contrast, CFL (Chinese as a foreign language) learners' production of Mandarin fricatives and affricates. Six male subjects from Japan, Vietnam, and Thai, together with one native speaker of Mandarin Chinese were recruited. The topic of CFL learners' difficulties in terms of Mandarin fricatives and affricates is not new in essence. However, most of the literature is based on researchers' observation or perception judgment. A gap emerges between the subjective observations and what is reflected in acoustic phonetics. The basic motivation of this article is, among others, to provide CFL learners as well as teachers with an empirical study on phonetic contrast in cues like onset duration, lower band of energy frequency (peaks), and CV transition. The results indicate that most of the CFL learners produce Mandarin fricatives and affricates purely by substituting them with the similar or equivalent alveolar fricatives of their own languages. Some implications, theoretical as well as empirical, are also discussed.