遊戲式學習在學生面對挫敗上的學習效益：以通識經典閱讀課程三國演義之「三國爭霸戰」為例

The Learning Effectiveness of Game-based Learning for Students in Coping with Setbacks and Failure: Taking "Three Kingdoms Hegemony" in the course of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as an Example

台灣青少年對失敗的承受力在全球排名中敬陪末座。教導學生接受挫折考驗，並面對失敗，顯然是當今教育的重要任務。本研究於三國演義通識課程中設計「三國爭霸戰」遊戲，透過實際體驗競爭遊戲與反思，了解學生學到哪些面對挫折失敗的方法，並探究促成這些學習效益的因素。透過主題式分析，本研究分析107-1學年度32位修課學生的反思文本與團體訪談意見，結果發現將各項課程任務融入遊戲的設計，可讓學生學習到面對挫敗的方法包括：1.尋求有效因應策略；2.反省挫敗成因；3.歸因運氣與天命；4.重視過程勝於結果；5.另類視角看待失敗。另外，結果也發現遊戲式學習獲致這些效益的因素包括：1.遊戲激起投入動機；2.遊戲模擬真實人生；3.遊戲經驗反思為人生智慧。三國爭霸戰的設計理念與方式，充分結合課程旨趣，學生藉此學會面對挫敗的正向態度，轉化為人生智慧。本研究最後提供遊戲式體驗學習與反思教學法的相關建議，可供教師與學校做為未來應用之參考。

The fear of failure index of Taiwanese young generation ranked the last place globally. Obviously, it is an important task to teach students how to cope with setbacks and failure. Through real experience of competitive games and reflection in the designed "Three Kingdoms Hegemony" of general education curriculum "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," this research aims to realize what students learned when facing setbacks and failure, and explore the factors contributing to this learning effectiveness. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the reflective journals and group interview verbatim of 32 students in the autumn semester of 2018. The results show that the design converting all performance scores into the game let students learned ways to face setbacks and failure including: 1. Seeking effective strategies; 2. Reflecting on the cause of failure; 3. Attributing failure to luck and destiny; 4. Valuing the process more than the result; 5. Looking upon failure from an alternative perspective. In addition, the results also reveal that the factors leading benefits of game-based learning including: 1. Stimulating student's motivation; 2. Simulating the game to real life; 3. Reflecting experiences of game to wisdom of life. The concept and method of "Three Kingdoms Hegemony" are fully integrated with the main purport of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," so that students can learn a positive attitude to cope with setbacks and failure, and transform them into wisdom of life. This research offers suggestions for teachers and colleges in future applications.