環境議題的媒體關注與框架分析：以臺灣及美國報紙報導空氣污染議題為例

Media Attention and Framing Analysis of Environmental Issues: Taking Air Pollution Issue as An Example

本研究採用媒體報導量分析以及內容分析方法，剖析空污議題的媒體關注及媒體再現內容。報導量分析總共分析了1987-2017年國內外五家報紙媒體。研究發現，空污議題整體報導量為增多之趨勢，自2011年開始攀升，2015年達到媒體關注的第二高點，2017年達到了最高峰。美國報紙雖然整體報導量最多，但與臺灣媒體呈現增多的趨勢不同，反而是早期對於空污的報導較為關注。內容分析以2017年《聯合報》與《紐約時報》（The New York Times）兩報進行深度的比較分析。研究結果指出，臺灣媒體的空污新聞多集中在冬季，美國報紙對於空污的報導月份相對較為平均。臺灣媒體空污新聞以臺灣本身的空污議題為主，反觀《紐約時報》對於其他地區的報導也不少。《聯合報》與《紐約時報》的空污議題報導皆以「政府因應與相關政策」主題為最多，兩家報紙對於消息來源的引用則不盡相同，《聯合報》較重視官方及專家消息來源，《紐約時報》引用消息來源較為多元。《聯合報》與《紐約時報》最常報導「重生框架」，但前者明顯多於後者不少。此外，《聯合報》較《紐約時報》重視空污的責任討論，而《紐約時報》則較重視空污對環境的毀壞與疾病框架。

This study applies media quantity analysis and content analysis methods to analyze media attention and media representation of air pollution issues. Quantity analysis of five newspapers in Taiwan and the U.S. from 1987 to 2017 finds that the issue of air pollution has always been the focus of media reports. The overall coverage quantity has always been on the rise during the study period, starting to climb in 2011, reaching the second highest point of media attention in 2015, and hitting the highest peak in 2017. Although U.S. newspapers present the most reports, they are different from the increasing trend of Taiwan media, as the former paid more attention to air pollution in the early days. Content analysis is based on a comparative analysis of two newspapers, The United Daily News and The New York Times in 2017. The results of the study point out that Taiwan's air pollution news reports mostly appear during the winter, whereas U.S. newspaper coverage of air pollution is spread relatively evenly over different months. The Taiwan newspaper's air pollution news mainly targets the country's own air pollution issues, whereas The New York Times by contrast also reports other regions' news of air pollution. Taiwan's newspaper reports air pollution that mainly occurs in the south region. As for topics of air pollution, The United Daily News and The New York Times reported the most topics covering government responsibility and related policies. The news sources of the two newspapers are not the same. The United Daily News pays more attention to ''official and expert sources'', while The New York Times quotes multiple sources. The United Daily News and The New York Times have most often reported on the ''Rebirth framing'', but the former has done so significantly more than the latter. In addition, The United Daily News has focused more attention on discussing air pollution responsibilities than has The New York Times, while the latter has focused more on the environmental damage, losses and possible diseases caused by air pollution. Overall, Taiwanese and U.S. newspapers have different news framing of air pollution reporting.