「村社會」的繼承與蛻變：試論日本戰前藩閥與戰後派閥政治的關連性

The Continue and Change of Murasyakai: The Analysis of the Relationship between Pre-War Hanbatsu Politics and Post-War Factional Politics in Japan

本文旨在分析日本戰前藩閥與戰後自民黨派閥政治的關連，明瞭在歷史因素下政治寡頭者理念的傳承，且進一步影響現今政治的運作。以往有關派閥政治的研究，多數是以選區制度、權力均衡等觀點進行探討，然本文認為尚可由制度與歷史的因果關係，探究制度的動態與變遷、制度的柔軟性和限制性等要素說明。故本文取日本藩閥與派閥之例，認為兩者之間藉由近代政黨政治運作連結而起，對應政府體制轉變，成為民主政治理念的展現。本文發現近代日本藩閥政治與自民黨派閥的連續性上，存在有保守與改革派意識形態的對抗，藉由依賴路徑發展而來的派閥政治，讓現今自民黨政治理念產生右傾化現象，說明日本的民主政治依舊在歷史桎梧下圍繞。

This paper’s purpose is to analyze the relationship between the prewar Hanbatsu politics and the post-war factional politics in Japan in order to understand the continued ideals of the political oligarchy and their effect on the operations of present politics. In terms of the studies on factional politics in Japan, most scholars use the viewpoints of the election system or the balance of power, etc. However, this paper tries to explore factional politics from the institutional and historical cause and effect viewpoint. To do so, this paper tries to explain it via research of the dynamic and changes of the institution and the flexibility and restriction of institution to institution. Therefore, this paper analyzes the example of Hanbatsu and factional politics in Japan, in which both were connected by modern party politics, and corresponded to the changes of government system to present the idea of democracy. This paper found that with the continuation of Hanbatsu and factional politics of the LDP in Japan, there exists a confrontation between conservative and revolutionary politics. Furthermore, the factional politics have been developed via the traditional dependent path, making the LDP have a tendency for right-wing policies. This is important because it means that the democracy of Japan is still being manipulated in the historical shadow.