釋字第781號解釋中有關博士武職公務員退伍後損失補償之研究

A Study on the Compensation for the Loss of the Veterans with Ph.D. after Interpretation of Justice No. 781

有謂：「法貴能行」、「惡法非法」。制定法律要能夠實施，不該實施的法律如果實施了，就應該停止實施，甚至使其失去效力。我國2018年年金改革經過修法，針對博士退伍的武職公務員就業做了限制，雖經司法院大法官會議第781號解釋做出後，認為違憲，應該失去效力，然在實施的這段期間，人民因為被法規限制而被迫抉擇，直接影響到人民的權益，究竟應如何處置，是否應予補償？殊值研究。是以，本文謹從年金改革之內容出發，續分析年金改革對於渠等具博士學位退伍者之限制，觀察對於渠等之影響，續從大法官會議第781號解釋認定法規違憲之理由，末從損失補償法制面向觀察，併參酌德、日兩國做法，分析究應循何種管道救濟，探求出能夠彌補立法者可能因不謹慎所致之損害填補方法，期能提供類案處理之參考及爾後再度年金改革條文修正之建議，並提醒有權力之人「平等」的普世性。

There is a saying: “The law must be appropriate”, “Evil law is illegal.” Enacting laws should be enforceable, and if they are not implemented, they should be stopped or even rendered ineffective. Pension reform of R.O.C in 2018 has been amended to restrict the employment of military civil servants who have retired from the doctorate. Although it has been interpreted by the Justice Session No. 781, it is considered unconstitutional and should be invalidated. However, during the implementation period, people being restricted by regulations and forced to make a choice has a direct impact on the rights and interests of the people. Therefore, based on the significance and nature of civil servants in this article, this article continues to analyze the restrictions on pension retired with doctoral degrees from the annuity reform, and explains the reasons for finding the regulations unconstitutional from the meeting of the judges, and then observes from the legal system of loss compensation, The practice of Germany and Japan analyzes what kind of relief should be followed, and finds out how to fill the damages that may be caused by the legislators due to carelessness. It can provide reference and Suggestions for handling cases and the annuity reform clauses later, and remind those with power the importance of “equality”.