從牛津「冒」到上海的「煙」──林語堂和論語派的中國現代化理想寄予

'Smoking'' from Oxford to Shanghai-To Place the Modern Dream on Smoking by Lin Yutang And the Analects Group

在各種文化和思維浪潮激蕩的中國近現代，發生了巨大質變的文化遷移運動。所謂西學東漸、改良維新、國民覺醒、新文化等等，都是一場「文化遷移」。在雅斯貝爾斯（Karl Jaspers）所論的幾大文化軸心的歷史發展中，軸心和軸心之間相互滲透、相向交流。但是，有的時候，「潮流」的方向會從某一軸心向某一軸心「遷移」。在種種遷移中，會有不同的類型，如嚴肅型、革命型、盜火型（翻譯），是否也可以有一個「幽默型」？它是一種特殊的文化遷移，交流（比如翻譯）是外在的管道，「性格」、「性情」則是文化遷移的「基質」。這樣的文化遷移感覺，是文化遷移的多樣性的偶然和必然。本文將著意探討林語堂和論語派在中國現代文化「幽默型」遷移過程中有關從牛津「冒」到上海的「煙」的源流和自我身份認同建構，並希冀厘以幽默的「抽煙」新形象來寄託的中國現代化的理想。

In modern China, where all kinds of cultures and thinking waves were surging, agreat qualitative cultural transfer had taken place. The so-called Eastward Spread of Western Learning, Reform and Reform, National Awakening, New Culture and so on all belonged to this ''Cultural Transfer''. In the historical development of several cultural axes mentioned by Karl Jaspers, the axis and the axis permeate and communicate with each other. However, the direction of ''tidal current'' would sometimes ''transfer'' from one axis to another. Among the various types of transfer, there are different types, such as the serious type, the revolutionary type and the stealing fire type (taking translation for an example). And could there also be a''humorous type''? Communication (such as translation) is the external channel, while the ''personality'' and the ''temperament'' are the internal ''substrate'' of the cultural transfer. Such afeeling of cultural transfer has contingency and inevitability of the diversity of cultural transfer. This article will explore the source and flow in the process of ''Humorous Transfer'' and the self-identity construction of Modern Chinese Culture through ''Smoking'' from Oxford to Shanghai by Lin Yutang and the Analects Group. And it also hopes to clarify the modernization plan of China embodied in the humorous ''Smoking''.