《山海經箋疏》引唐代類書考

Examining the Tang Dynasty's Leishu Cited in ''Shan Hai Jing Qian Shu''

郝懿行《山海經箋疏》之寫作，雖晚於清代的吳任臣、畢沅等治《山海經》的名家，但郝懿行在前人積累的基礎上，另有出色的發揮。本文聚焦於郝懿行《山海經箋疏》對唐代類書的引用，包括《北堂書鈔》、《藝文類聚》以及《初學記》。這些類書引用的《山海經》條目，與《箋疏》所依據的《山海經》版本有所差異，郝氏不改經文，在案語中加以說明，並評價類書所引與今本《山海經》之間的優劣。《箋疏》引用《北堂書鈔》的次數最少，條目集中於第十八卷〈海內經〉，徵引《藝文類聚》、《初學記》則多集中於〈西山經〉與〈中山經〉。藉由唐代類書蒐集《圖讚》，郝懿行得以對明代道藏本殘缺的《圖讚》進行校讎、補充。郝懿行運用唐代的類書，補正尤袤以來《山海經》版本的缺失，體現宋以前另有不同的《山海經》版本，此本優於目前所存的宋本、明本。由《箋疏》引唐代類書，可有系統地比對郭注「或曰」、「或作」、「一曰」的說法，也可與其他典籍相互印證。郝懿行《山海經箋疏》徵引類書的用意，不只著重在文字版本的考訂參校、名物訓詁，更在闡釋經典。

Most studies on Hao Yi-Xing emphasized Jing Xue (Chinese Classics) and Kaozheng (search for evidence) and rarely discussed the academic value of ''Shan Hai Jing Qian Shu''. Hao Yi-Xing's ''Shan Hai Jing Qian Shu'' was later than the works on ''Shan Hai Jing'' of some renowned scholars such as Wu Renchen and Bi Yuan in the Qing dynasty. However, Hao, based on the profound basis accumulated from the earlier authors, had achieved impressively. This article focused on the Tang dynasty's Leishu cited in Hao Yi-Xing's ''Shan Hai Jing Qian Shu'', including ''Bei Tang Shu Chao'', ''Yi Wen Lei Ju'', and ''Chu Xue Ji''. The paragraphs cited in these Leishu are somewhat different from the edition of ''Shan Hai Jing'' on which ''Qian Shu'' was based. Hao did not alter the contents, but instead explained in the form of comments to evaluate the strength and weakness between the citation of the Leishu and the current edition of ''Shan Hai Jing''. The least frequently cited Leishu in ''Qian Shu'' is ''Bei Tang Shu Chao'' and the paragraphs are mostly from Volume 18 ''Hai Nei Jing''. ''Qian Shu'' cited ''Yi Wen Lei Ju'' for more than ahundred times and focused mostly on ''Xi Shan Jing'' and ''Zhong Shan Jing''. The most frequently cited Leishu in ''Qian Shu'' is ''Chu Xue Ji'', including over 140 paragraphs, which mostly came from ''Xi Shan Jing'' and ''Zhong Shan Jing''. ''Bei Tang Shu Chao'' did not cite Guo Pu's ''Shan Hai Jing Tu Zan'', whereas ''Yi Wen Lei Ju'', and ''Chu Xue Ji'' cited ''Tu Zan'' more than ten times, including ''Tu Zan'' of ''Huang Ji'' that had been lost after the Ming dynasty. Based on the collection of ''Tu Zan'' in the Leishu, Hao was able to proofread and supplement the incomplete Daozang version of ''Tu Zan'' from the Ming dynasty. By means of the Tang dynasty's Leishu, Hao corrected many deficiencies of ''Shan Hai Jing'' editions since You Mao, and re-created the different ''Shan Hai Jing'' edition before the Song dynasty. This older edition is superior to the existing You Mao Chi-Yang-Jun-Zhai block-printed edition. From the ''Lei Shu'' cited in ''Qian Shu'', it becomes possible to systematically compare Guo Pu's remarks such as ''said different'', ''put differently'' or ''wrote different'' and prove mutually with other literature.