偏鄉社群共善的建構條件：柬埔寨村落居民對生態環境危機的回應分析

The Conditions of Establishing the Common Good in Rural Communities: An Analysis of Villagers’ Responses to Environmental Crisis in Cambodia

本研究基於社群主義的觀點，透過柬埔寨兩處偏鄉村落的深度訪談、田野觀察，再輔以文件資料分析，檢視偏鄉公民社會的樣態，並從兩村異同處，剖析阻礙共善建構的因素，藉此了解何以在社群主義價值普及的社會裡，村民面對威脅生計的生態環境危機無法觸發共善行動。研究結果顯示，兩村面對環境危機之所以皆無積極作為，原因在於低教育水準與低所得使村民低估自己參與解決環境問題的可能性，以及赤柬時期對整體社會帶來的集體創傷尚未修復，導致人際信任程度仍不足以支撐成本較高且回饋不確定的共善行動。而從兩村在社群意識上的差異比較，則可看出所得水準、村落型態、與非政府組織提供協助的類型，是導致差異的主要原因。

Based on the perspectives of Communitarianism, this research examines Cambodian civil society through document analysis, in-depth interviews and field observations conducted in two rural villages in Cambodia. By comparing the two villages, this research explores factors hindering collective actions for common good in the situation that the environmental crisis threatens villagers’ subsistence. The research results show that low education level, low income level, and inherited trauma caused by the Khmer Rouge genocide are factors causing villagers’ inactions. Low education level and low income level renders the villagers underestimate their capability to solve the environmental problems. The unhealed trauma creates difficulties for rebuilding interpersonal trust critical for collective action of common good that beneficiaries are uncertain. In addition, this study also finds that income level, physical shape of the village, services and assistances offered by NGOs explain the different sense of community embedded in the two villages.