共同邊界方向性距離函數於農會信用部經營效率之探討──長期追蹤資料之分析

Efficiency Measurement for Credit Department of Farmers' Associations by Metafrontier Framework with Directional Distance Function: Analysis of Panel Data

本文主要目的包括探討全台灣農會信用部經營效率，及分析影響經營效率之因素。研究對象為台灣2013年至2018年全體269家農會信用部共1614筆之追蹤資料。本文採用方向性距離函數，除考量農會放款及盈餘的正向意欲產出，並納入負向的逾期放款作為非意欲產出，再採用共同邊界方法，進行不同規模信用部生產效率的評估，估算出所有農會的共同邊界效率及各農會所屬的大中小規模之群組效率，為達到共同邊界效率下，台灣農會信用部經營績效尚可改善的空間。進一步利用長期追蹤資料進行迴歸，分析環境因素、農會員工屬性及CAMEL評等相關之財務因素，對共同邊界效率及群組邊界效率之影響。研究結果顯示，大規模農會信用部經營效率最佳，中規模農會信用部次之，小規模農會信用部最差，且三個規模自2013年至2018年之共同邊界效率及群組邊界效率大致呈現逐年成長趨勢。而大中小各規模別2013至2018六年平均之平均群組邊界效率，分別有0.19%、7.56%及13.58%技術改善空間。再者，若區分地區別之農會信用部經營效率，依序為東部最高、北部、中部次之、南部最低。最後，在影響共同邊界效率及群組邊界效率之因素中，農會員工為國中小教育程度、資本適足率與存放比率愈高，使農會信用部效率愈高，對經營效率有正向影響，而贊助會員佔總會員數比率越大、員工為專科以上教育程度、年齡介於40至49歲及逾期放款比率越大，對經營效率則有負向影響。

The main objectives of this study are to explore the operation efficiency of the credit department for farmers' associations and analyze the factors that affect operation efficiency in Taiwan. The analyzed data were based on a total of 1,614 panel data from the credit department of 269 farmers' associations from 2013 to 2018 in Taiwan. This study uses a directional distance function with both two positive desirable outputs of the farmer' associations' loans and surplus and one undesirable output of non-performing loans. Metafrontier efficiencies are used to evaluate the large, the medium and the small scale group of farmers' association to differentiate the performance of each credit department of farmers' associations. It is further to analyze the factors that potentially impact metafrontier efficiency and group efficiency. The results show that the credit department of large scale has the best operation efficiency, the medium-group and the small-group has been ranked the second and the last. Furthermore, there has a trend of improvement for the metafrontier efficiency and group efficiency from 2013 to 2018. The average group efficiency over 6 years has 0.19%, 7.56% and 13.58% to improve the metafrontier. Additionally, the east regional credit departments have the highest operation efficiency, followed by the north and central, and then the south. Finally, the staffs with education level of elementary and junior to high school have positive impact on the operation efficiency. Factors for farmers' associations with higher ratio of capital adequacy and higher deposit loan ratio have similar positive impact both on metafrontier efficiency and group efficiency. On the contrary, the ratio of associated members, education level of above college, age between 40 and 49 and non-performing loans ratio has negative impact on both metafrontier efficiency and group efficiency.