探討我國水下文化資產教育推廣現況與未來展望

A Review of Taiwan’s Underwater Cultural Heritage Dissemination Works and Future Prospects

水下文化資產為人類過往活動重要的歷史遺物，可印證、補足人類歷史，是全人類重要的文化資產。聯合國教育、科學及文化組織於2001年通過《水下文化遺產保護公約》，我國2015年通過《水下文化資產保存法》，均有與全民共享水下考古成果的規範。水下文化資產長期沉浸在水中，其特性和一般陸域文化資產有別，教育推廣工作為水下考古工作者一項挑戰與職責之一。我國水下考古工作在文化部文化資產局努力下已歷經十餘年，在臺灣周邊海域驗證了20個水下考古遺址點，6個列冊遺址，1出水1,600餘件遺物，同時展開水下文化資產相關教育推廣工作。為使水下文化資產教育推廣工作更臻完善，本文以水下文化資產之特性、聯合國教科文組織及我國水下文化資產相關教育推廣規範及檢視文化資產局辦理之推廣工作，提出水下文化資產教育推廣首重前段水下考古工作如調查、研究、記錄及保存修復的資料正確完整，才利於後段教育推廣工作的執行，並提出儘速規劃開放水下遺址供民眾觀覽及科技技術只是輔助水下文化資產的演繹手法，豐富扎實的水下遺址原始資料、研究成果與水下遺物才是決定水下文化資產展覽優劣的關鍵點等建議，作為未來執行相關教育推廣規劃之參考，以強化推廣保存水下文化資產教育工作之效能。

Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) means all traces of human existence which have been partially or totally underwater. It encompasses ancient shipwrecks, sunken cities, flooded caves and other underwater remains that carry cultural or historical significance for humanity. Underwater cultural heritage’s essential nature differs from land-based cultural heritage, which makes it more challenging for underwater archaeologists to raise public awareness of the importance of preserving UCH. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage and the 2015 Underwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Act of the Republic of China both addressed the importance of public knowledge dissemination and public access to underwater cultural heritage as one of the vital responsibilities of underwater archaeologists and associated professionals. Taiwan has been actively involved in academic research in the underwater archaeological field for more than 10 years. To date, 20 underwater archaeological sites in Taiwan’s nearby waters have been identified, of which 6 sites were listed, and approximately 1,600 objects were retrieved from the above sites. At the same time, the Bureau of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture initiated a series of programs promoting underwater archaeological. This article reviews underwater cultural heritage dissemination from the viewpoint of relevant legislation and previous working experience, and suggests that the comprehensive underwater archaeological activities: investigation, research, documentation, preservation, and conservation, are the cornerstones of promoting underwater heritage to the public. Suggestions on the key points of the advantages and disadvantages of underwater cultural heritage exhibitions are used as reference points for future implementation of relevant educational and promotional plans to strengthen the effectiveness of the preservation of underwater cultural.