茄子優質種苗生產體系建立

Establishment of quality seedlings production system for Eggplant

臺灣茄子主要栽培品種以麻芝茄及高雄2號為主，屏東、高雄一帶產區主要以128格穴盤苗為大宗。穴盤苗每株價格介於2~5元之間，有機與慣行同價。目前有機茄子栽培品種以麻芝茄為主，生產者之銷售管道以通路商定價收購與自行販售為主。而2013~4年有機茄子農場價格約為30-40元/公斤。3個茄子品種（高雄2號、麻薯長茄及種苗1號）穴盤苗均以慣行苗之表現優於有機苗。且2種育苗模式均以60格穴盤苗之整體性狀表現最佳，顯示較大孔穴之穴盤苗性狀表現較佳；因而有機穴盤苗相較以60格規格為基礎較為有利。5種茄子施以有機栽培後，在產量、平均果重、茄果數方面，各品種間差異顯著。慣型栽培組在產量、平均果重、茄果數及株高等表現均優於有機栽培，且除麻薯長茄及新娘外，均具顯著差異。而前果徑、中果徑、尾果徑及平均果長等性狀在各品種間表現差異情形並不一致。有機組與慣行組之產量比大約在1：1.3至1：1.8之間。3種有機栽培茄子經過修剪矮化處理後，除產量及果長均以對照組表現較佳外，其他性狀在各品種間表現差異情形並不一致；而對照組與處理組產量比在1：0.6至1：0.7之間。3種慣行栽培茄子經過修剪矮化處理後，除果長以對照組表現較佳外，其他性狀在各品種間表現差異情形並不一致；而對照組與處理組產量比在1：0.6至1：0.8之間。3個品種經過有機及慣行栽培後之種子品質表現，顯示除種子千粒重以慣行栽培組較佳之外，種子產量、發芽率、平均發芽日數、發芽速率及發芽值等有機栽培組與慣行栽培組差異情形並不一致。

‘Extra Long’and‘Kaohsiung No.2’are dominated cultivar of eggplant in south Taiwan. Production area of eggplant is Pingtung and Kaohsiung . The seedling price in 128 plug for organic plug seedlings and conventional seedlings has same price, NT2~5 per seedling. Main sales channel of organic cultivar‘Extra Long’are retailers chase or self selling, about NT30 - 40 per kg in 2013-2014. The conventional plug seedlings of three eggplant varieties（TSS No.1, Extra Long, Kaohsiung No.2）were better than organic plug seedlings. Sixty plug seedlings were the best performance in two nursery models. Therefore, 60 plugs were used as organic seedling production. Fruit yield, fruit weight and fruit numbers in organic cultivation were significant differences in five eggplant varieties. Fruit yield, fruit weight and fruit numbers in conventional farming group were better than those in organic farming group. In addition to, cultivars‘Extra Long’and‘Bride’, except for diameter of fruit and fruit length, have significant differences. Yield ratio in organic group and conventional group was 1:0.6~1:0.8. Three eggplant varieties in organic cultivation treated with dwarfing showed that fruit yield and fruit length in the control group were better than those in treatment group. Yield ratio in control group and treatment group was 1:0.6~1:0.7. Three eggplant varieties in conventional cultivation treated with dwarfing showed that fruit length in the control group was better than that in treatment group. Yield ratio in control group and treatment group was 1:0.6~1:0.8. The Seed quality of three eggplant varieties showed that thousand grain weight in the conventional farming was better than that in organic treatment, whereas seed yield, germination, day of mean germination, germination rate, and germination value were not inconsistent in two nursery models .