香瓜茄栽培及病蟲害管理模式之建立

Establishment of cultivation model for Pepeno(Solanum muricatum Ait.)

為建立香瓜茄週年栽培之生產模式，以綠果品種種植於田間及溫室兩區，試驗處理分為：1.畦面覆蓋試驗：採用白色不織布、銀黑色塑膠布、稻草處理及不覆蓋處理。2.微生物肥料試驗：分別灌注菌根菌、溶磷菌、菌根菌+溶磷菌及不添加任何菌種共計4處理。3.嫁接於茄子根砧及自根苗生長試驗。試驗結果顯示不論何種處理，在露天環境下之香瓜茄果實大小及重量均優於種植於設施者，且設施栽培者果實均無種子，顯示設施內栽培因無授粉昆蟲，果實均為單偽結果，大小及重量因此不及露天栽培具有種子的果實。在果實品質方面，所有處理對果實硬度均無差異，糖度設施栽培者約為6-8°Brix，較露天栽培者平均4-6°Brix高，這可能是果實相對較小之結果。無論嫁接或自根栽培，對果實大小重量及糖度等品質均無差異。在露天下栽培地面覆蓋方式對所有性狀也無差異，在設施中以稻草或銀黑色塑膠布之果實較重，糖度則以無覆蓋者最高，同樣是果實較大則糖度較低，果實較小則糖度較高的趨勢一致。在設施下果重以菌根菌+溶磷菌處理者可達242.5g最高，其次為溶磷菌處理為170.1g，糖度則和果重趨勢相反，果實越重者糖度相較低。為調查夏季於高冷地栽培香瓜茄之可行性，分為嫁接及自根處理。白天氣溫約在30-35℃，夜間溫度可降至20℃。嫁接茄砧及自根兩者在株高及莖粗均無差異，嫁接之第1結果節位20.2節較自根17.6節明顯較高，隨著植株成長至第5結果節位嫁接41.0節，自根38.0節，兩者已無統計差異。嫁接平均果重182.4g較自根250.9g輕，但糖度以嫁接8.36°Brix高於自根7.42°Brix。不論嫁接或自根植株均能順利結果，均無果肉褐化現象，可能為夜間溫度低之影響，顯示夏季可於高冷地經濟生產香瓜茄。

In order to establish year-round pepino cultivation, green fruit variety was grown in field and greenhouse. Treatments include: 1) Mulching material test: white non-woven fabric, silver and black plastic sheet, straw, and non-mulching (control). 2) Microbial fertilizer test: Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), phosphate-solubility bacteria (PSB), VAM + PSB were drenched, and non-drenched as control. 3) Grafted on eggplant and self-rooted. Results showed that pepino fruit size and weight were larger when grown in the field than greenhouse. Greenhouse-grown (without pollinator) fruits had no seed, indicating parthenocarpy which results in smaller fruits. Fruit firmness did not differ between treatments. Greenhouse-grown fruits had total soluble solid (TTS) content of 6-8°Brix, higher than 4-6°Brix of field-grown fruits. This was possibly due to smaller fruits. Grafting did not affect fruit size, weight, and TTS. Mulching material did not affect field-grown fruit qualities. Whereas in the greenhouse, fruit weight was higher when mulched with straw or plastic sheet, and TTS was higher when not mulched. Similar correlation in fruit weight and TTS was observed. In the greenhouse, VAM + PSB resulted in greater fruit weight (242.5 g), then PSB treatment (170.1 g). Also showed the similar correlation between fruit weight and TTS. Pepino cultivation at highland (day/ night temperatures as 30-35/ 20℃) during summer were evaluated with grated and self-rooted plants. Grafting did not affect plant height and stem diameter. The first fruiting node was higher in grafted plant (20.2) than self-rooted (17.6). The fifth fruiting node was not affected by grafting. Fruit weight was smaller in grafted plants (182.4 g) than self-rooted plants (250.9 g). But TTS was higher in grafted plants (8.4°Brix ) than self-rooted plants (7.4°Brix). Grafting did not affect fruiting. No fruit flesh browning was observed which might due to lower night temperatures, indicating highland pepino production during summer is possible.