櫻花與杏花切枝及杏花盆花生產技術之研究

The study of cultural techniques of cutting and potting production on sakura(Prunus spp.) and ornamental peach(Prunus perica Batsch) plants.

本試驗旨在篩選農曆春節前後應景切花利用之櫻花與觀賞杏花品種（系），並探討觀賞杏花花期調節技術，以提供農曆過年前後之切花與盆花生產利用，以滿足花卉市場需求。本試驗篩選出農曆春節前後開花習性及生長勢強且經切枝瓶插壽命2週以上之櫻花品種（系），包括‘桃園1號-報春’、TYPC089254、TYPC089269、TYPC099238及TYPC10WK02等品系、‘八重櫻’、‘敬翁櫻’及‘富士櫻’等，與觀賞杏花‘紅碧桃’、‘粉碧桃’與‘紅碧桃’3品種，經嫁接繁殖以作為推廣產業利用。2012年田間種植之觀賞杏花植株於休眠期進行除葉與3%氫胺藥劑處理，可使植株始花期及盛花期提前3～5天，有助切枝提前採收，但在2013年低溫（<15℃）累積量較少的暖冬氣候下，花期提前則不明顯，但可促使芽體萌芽較整齊，有助切花品質提升。在採收時期、貯藏溫度與時期對杏花切枝開花之影響試驗結果顯示，1月上旬休眠中期切枝採收以8～15℃保濕貯藏10天，再室溫瓶插10～13天，以及1月下旬休眠末期切枝採收後以15～25℃保濕貯藏約10天，再室溫瓶插1～7天，50%以上之切枝可促進提早開花，較自然花期提早2～3週，惟杏花切枝開花量有減少的現象。催芽藥劑及冷藏處理對’七寸桃＇杏花盆栽植株開花影響試驗結果顯示，休眠後期以2%硝酸鉀藥劑處理，可使盆栽植株提前5天開花；另外，1月上旬前將杏花盆栽以8℃冷藏12天後，以25℃每日光照12小時經11日或露天自然環境下16日，盆栽植株明顯提早開花，可應用於農曆年前盆栽生產供貨上市利用。

The experiment was conducted to screen cutting cultivars(or lines) of sakura and ornamental peach, and study the blooming regulation technology of cutting and potted plant for marketing demand before and after the Lunar New Year. The superior flowering habits and strongly branching cultivars( or lines) of sakura‘Taoyuan No.1-spring’, lines No. TYPC089254, TYPC089269, TYPC099238 and TYPC10WK02, and‘Pa- Chung Ying’,‘Jing-Weng Ying’and‘Fuji Ying’, and ornamental peach‘dianthiflora’,‘duplex’and‘alba-plena’were selected according to long vase life of cutting trial. Those selected superior cultivars or lines were grafting on adapting stocks for productive promotion in future. The field trial results in defoliation and 3% hydrogen cynamide treatment on ornamental peach‘duplex’tree were showed the initiate flower and bloom dates were advancing 3-5 days in 2012. The opposite results were found and might cause the warming winter with one third less low chilling accumulation(<15℃) in 2013. Fortunately, both defoliation and 3% hydrogen cynamide treatment could promote the quality of cutting shoots by enhancing the sprouts of dormancy buds, particular in the flower bud. The cutting trial in 2012, the results of harvesting period, storage temperature and duration were showed that harvested in middle dormancy (early January) of plant, then kept the cuttings in 8-15℃ten days, the 50% cuttings would accelerate to flower after 10-13 days of stick in vase at room temperature. Furthermore, the cuttings harvested in last dormancy (last January), then kept in 15-25℃ten days, the flowers would explode after 1-7 days in vase. Use the storage techniques, the cutting shoots could accelerate to bloom earlier than nature bloom for 2-3 weeks, but the quantity of flowers on shoot would decrease obviously. The results of chemical and chilling treatment on the flower of potting ornamental peach‘densa Makino’had shown that 2% KNO3 could advance the bloomsom of plant for 5 days. Moreover, chilling the plant 12 day with 8℃before early January , then kept the potting 11 days in 25℃chamber with lighting 12 hours or 16 days in natural field, the plants would accelerate to bloom in late January. The flowering products of potting ornamental peach could be used to supply listed before the Lunar New Year.