綜合土壤管理對香蕉黃葉病抑制效果之研究

Suppressing Effect of Integrated Soil Management on Fusarium Wilt of Banana

本試驗以調整土壤酸鹼值及添加植物渣柏、有益微生物、鏈徽菌代謝產物、有機質肥料等有機資材之不同組合進行重病蕉園土壤品質改善管理，比較分析，北蕉'（Pei-Chiao，Cavendish, AAA）組織培養苗蕉株在不同土壤環境下之黃葉病罹病情形。在12個處理中，處理G-調整pH並施用一般有機質肥料、鏈徽菌，處理J-調整pH並施用苦茶柏'及處理C-調整pH並施用籠麻柏、鏈徽菌代謝產物、含木徽菌有機質肥料等三處理之香蕉黃葉病發生率最低，分別為11.1%及12.2%及19.5%'屬中等發病情形（~去病率10%~20%）。其餘處理均屬嚴重發病（發病率大於20%），其中對照區之發病率為50%。此外，處理A-調整土壤pH及添加崑麻柏、鏈徽菌代謝產物、鏈徽菌、含木徽菌有機肥之蕉株塊莖維管束褐化指數最低，處理B-調整土壤pH及添加苦茶柏、鏈徽菌代謝產物、鏈徽菌可保持植株塊莖維管束無褐化現象及外部病徵。此結果顯示，調整土壤酸鹼度復添加使用苦茶拍、龍麻柏、鏈徽菌、鏈徽菌代謝產物、含木徽菌有機肥或一般有機質肥料等有機資材之綜合土壤管理措施，有降低香蕉黃葉病發生的效果，擬進一步降低發生率可從增加有機資材用量及延長植苗前土壤處理時間等方向著手。

Treatments of soil pH adjustment and applications of organic fertilizers, beneficial microbes and antifungal metabolite in a series of combination were practiced to create different soil conditions on Fusarium wilt-infected banana plots. The disease incidences of tissue-cultured Pei-Chiao (Cavendish, AAA) compared. Results revealed that three out of the twelve treatments had lower disease incidence, i.e. Treatment G-soi1 pH adjustment with application of organic fertilizer and Streptomyces，Treatment J-soil pH adjustment with application of tea seed dregs, Treatment C-soil pH adjustment with application of castor seed meal, Streptomyces metabolite and Trichoderma-enriched organic fertilizer, each with a disease incidence of 11.1 %, 12.2% and 19.5%, respectively. In addition, Treatment A-soil pH adjustment with application of castor seed meal, Streptomyces metabolite, Streptomyces and Trichoderma-enriched organic fertilizer had the lowest browning index of vascular bundle among treatments. Treatment B-soil pH adjustment with application of tea seed dregs, Streptomyces metabolite and Streptomyces had no disease symptoms on vascular bundle and extremal appearances. It was conc1uded that soil management practices by adjusting soil pH in combination with the application of tea seed meal, castor seed cake, Streptomyces，Streptomyces metabolite and Trichoderma-enriched organic fertilizer in a Fusarium wilt-diseased soil had the effect of lowering the disease incidence of Fusarium wilt. To further reduce the disease incidence, both increase in the dosage of organic materials and a longer treatment time before seedlings being planted are suggested.