有機質肥料製造之添加菌種技術

微生物在有機質肥料（生物肥料）製作過程中，擔任有機物分解，使其穩定化，提升營養素溶解性，提供農作物生長所需。微生物的接種技術依基質成分、處理方式和功能性不同略有差異。選取通當的微生物種類、最佳接種時間及接種方式，將影響所生產有機質肥料的品質。有機質肥料製作時接種微生物菌種，可在有機質肥料堆積初期或成品時接種，亦可在堆積過程中重覆接種。在製作初期接種時，所使用之微生物必需具有耐高溫特性，除可加速生物肥料腐熟和改善品質外，且可直接施用於土壤促進作物生長。在成品中接種微生物，除嗜高溫微生物外皆可通用。利用重覆接種技術可保持接種微生物於生物肥料製程中之微生物族群，增加存活率及提升微生物活性。使用微生物種類不同其接種方式亦異，主要有液態培養基接種法、抱子接種法、菌絲、塊接種法、固體介子接種法及微生物包覆（微膠囊）接種法等。可接種的微生物有細菌、放線菌、真菌、藻類、菌根菌等微生物，可依生物肥料製作目的接種適當微生物。目前經常使用接種的微生物包括提供植物生長和改良土壤物化性質之固氮、溶磷、;容奸、臨解、生產抗菌物質、有機質分解、根圈菌叢及促進植物生長微生物等。與環境復育有關之微生物有哎收重金屬、分解有毒物質和處理污染物微生物等。各種功能性微生物，亦可以彼此結合，一起添加至有機肥料或生物肥料製作中，製備各種多功能性生物肥料。但使用混合菌種時必須考量菌種問之競爭性或相剋作用，發揮其正面功效，降低其負面作用。如何篩選具有良好分解有機質能力和具多功能性質的微生物菌種，建立製作多功能性生物肥料的過當接種方法和建置整套生物肥料製作標準化作業流程以降低生產成本。

Microbes can decompose the organic matter, stabilize the product, and increase the solubility of nutrients for crop growth during organic fertilizer preparation. The microbial inoculation technology depends on substrate compositions, treatment methods and functions. The inoculation microbes, inoculation periods and methods 75 are very important in the qua1ities of organic ferti1izer. The inocu1ation periods can be in the initia1 stage or fma1 product stage; it a1so can repeat inocu1ation during preparation. The thermo-to1erant microbes can be inocu1ated in the initia1 stage to acce1erate the maturit弘improve the qua1ity of organic fertilizer, and enhance the crop growth. Whi1e inocu1ation at the fma1 product stage, all the microbes can be used except thermophi1ic microbes. The inocu1ation microbes can keep the microbia1 popu1ations, increase the surviva1 rates, and enhance the microbia1 activities in repeat inocu1ation. The inocu1ation methods a1so depend on microbia1 species, it can use 1iquid broth inocu1ation, spore inocu1ation, myce1ia1企agment inocu1ation, solid medium inocu1ation and microcapsu1e inocu1ation. The inocu1ation microbes inc1ude bacteria, actinomycetes, fun缸，a1gae, and arbuscu1ar mycorrhiza1 fungi depending on the functions of biofertilizer, such as血trogen-fixation, phosphate-so1ubi1izing, potassium-so1ubi1izing, 1ipid decomposition, antibiotic-producing, organic ma悅r decomposition, arbuscu1ar mycorrhize, and p1ant growth promotion. Whi1e in the environment remediation, it inc1udes heavy meta1s absorption, toxic substances decomposition and pollutants treatment microbes. Severa1 functiona1 microbes can be used together to prepare multip1e-functiona1 organic ferti1izers or composts, however, it shall consider the competition or comp1ementa可effect among these microbes. It is ve可important to screen the high organic matter decomposition and mu1ti-functiona1 microbes for inocu1ation in multi-functiona1 bioferti1izer preparation to reduce the production cost and deve10p the sustainab1e agricu1ture.