農產廢棄物飼料資源化處理與利用

The Utilization of Agricultural Wastes as Feedstuff for Animal

台灣農產廢棄物包括農作物收割後所剩的藤蔓等殘渣與農作物加工處理過程中所剩餘殘渣，這些農產廢棄物因含有高蛋白質、高纖維及嗜口性特性，大部分用於取代牧草供應牛羊筠料來源，其飼料化應用上以經青財處理製成青財料為主。鳳梨副產物、竹筍殼及毛豆英與其他原料混合之青財料品質良好、嗜口性佳，取代部份筠料對牛羊生長沒有影響;過剩之蔬果、柳丁、香蕉之類青財後餵飼對牛隻之增重與泌乳量與乳成分變異小，但如採食量超過15kg香蕉青財料飼糧則會降低乳脂率與牛乳總固物。酒柏類廢棄物飼料化則以啤酒柏與高梁酒柏為主，可直接飼用或製成青財料供畜禽飼用，用於山羊對採食量與增重同一般飼料是且之差異小，且可節省飼料成本。因此農產廢棄物只要善加收集與青財處理後可取代牧草或部分飼料原料餵飼牛羊，不但可降低飼料成本也有助於解決農產廢棄物之處理問題。

In Taiwan area, the agricultural waste inc1ude the vine or postharvesting residue and wastes from agricul切ral processing plant. Those wasted materials contain high protein , high fiber and palatable which can be used to replace the forage for ruminant animals. Agricultural wastes are mainly ensiled and used as silage. Pineapple, bamboo and soybean byproducts are mixed with other ingredients and ensiled. The silage has high feeding value and does not have adverse effect on animal perfo口nance after feeding. There are no effect on body weight gain, milk production and milk constituents after feeding the dairy cows with the silage made from ove中roduced vegetables, citrus or banana. N evertheless, cows fed with more than 15 kg of banana silage decrease the milk fat and milk total solid. The grain distiller residue, which are mainly from barley or sorghum brewery, can be directly fed the animals or used as silage. There are no difference on feed intake or daily gain for goats after feeding the grain disti11er residues when compared to goats fed the regular feed. Furthermore, it can reduce the feed cost. Therefore, the agricultural wastes, with appropriate collection and ensiling procedure, can partially replace the forage or feed provided to ruminant animals. It can not only reduce the feed cost and aid in the treatment of agricultural wastes.