產業創新條例及營所稅調降對企業租稅負擔之影響

The Impact of Industrial Innovation Act and Corporate Income Tax Rate Reduction on Tax Burden

我國政府以租稅獎勵政策作為租稅誘因，以激勵企業投入研究發展活動。2010年起「產業創新條例」及「營所稅調降」（以下簡稱2010年稅改）實施後，僅保留研發投資抵減租稅優惠政策。本研究以2007至2016之上市（櫃）公司為樣本，採二階段最小平方法（2SLS）進行迴歸分析，探討2010年稅改實施後，是否影響企業之租稅負擔；實證結果顯示，2010年稅改實施後，企業從事研發支出之租稅優惠限縮，此一投資抵減率大幅減半以及抵減年限縮短，當企業研究及發展費用越高時，其稅盾利益大幅降低，企業租稅負擔增加，進而提高有效稅率。再者，在2010年稅改實施前（2007年至2009年），企業基於租稅誘因之研發支出，增加其研發支出，以獲取更多的投資抵減金額；但在2010年稅改實施後（2010年至2016年），企業從事研發支出之投資抵減比率僅為單一年之15%（實施前為30%），因此，企業藉由增加各年度間研發支出以獲取較高投資抵減租稅利益之誘因減緩，故在此兩稅制變動下，高投資抵減的公司租稅利益降低，進而提高其有效稅率。建議政府應以更適當租稅獎勵政策，引導產業資金朝高附加價值產品方向發展。

Taiwan’s government has employed tax incentive policies to motivate enterprises investing in R&D activities and enhancing their competitiveness. However, after the implementation of “Statute for Industrial Innovation” and “Reduction of Corporate Tax Rate” from 2010 (2010 tax reform hereinafter), the provision of investment credit tax benefit is only preserved. Thus, using two-stage least square (2SLS) regressions to analyze Taiwan’s listing companies from year 2007 to year 2016, this study aims to explore whether the implementation of 2010 tax reform has influence on companies’ tax burdens (effective tax rate). Empirical results reveal that, after implemented of 2010 tax reform, companies with greater R&D expenditures will significantly reduce tax shield benefits, increases the company’s tax burdens and the effective tax rate. This is because the restricted tax incentives on the company’s R&D expenditures reduce its investment tax credits rate in half and shorten the period of investment tax credits. Furthermore, before 2010 tax reform (2007-2009), companies increase their R&D expenditures due to tax incentives so as to grant more investment tax credits. After 2010 tax reform (2010-2016), the tax credits rate for R&D expenditures is decreased to 15% in a year (30% prior to 2010). Companies will alleviate incentives for higher investment tax credits by increasing R&D expenditures in years. Therefore, under the changes of these two tax systems, we suggest that government should lead companies’ R&D spending towards high value-added products with its appropriate tax incentive policy.