傳統漢人社會中的庄與地緣意識──彰化平原福佬客地區祭祀圈文化的歷史考察

The Concept of Village and the Local Identity in the Traditional Chinese So­ciety: a Historical Analysis of the Culture of Religious Sphere at the Area of Fu-Lau Hakka in Chang Hua Plain

祭祀圈概念不只能夠從社會組織的層面瞭解台灣地方社會的構成法則，也能透過對祭祀圈之文化內涵的分析，揭開地緣意識的部分面紗，而有助於對「地緣」這個重要的社會分類原則的瞭解。本文透過歷時限的角度，認為傳統上的「庄」是由土地公與天公的集體祭祀所界定，並因而使庄具有了「氣運共同體」的特質。村庄的土地公與天公集體祭祀儀式是一種文化機制，透過它，社會組織與文化概念相互辯證再生產，一方面組織與界定了村庄的成員與地域，一方面也同時形塑、表達了庄民對於「庄」的氣運共同體的概念，而道成為地緣意識的重要成分之一。

The concept of ''religious sphere'' can not only be used to understand the principle of con­structing Taiwan society, but also can be apply to unveil the cultural meaning of ''the conscious­ness of earth'' through analyzing the cultural meaning of religious sphere. This would be helpful to the understanding of ''territorial relationship'', an important rule of social classification. This essay proposes that the traditional villages were identified by the collective worship of earth god and the god of heaven. And it embodies these villages a cultural trait of ''the community of com­mon luck and fate''. The collective ritual of earth god and the god of heaven was a cultural mech­anism which social organization and cultural ideas were reproduced dialectically through. On the one hand it organizes and identifies the members of the village; on the other hand it models and expresses villagers' cultural idea of village. And this cultural idea constitutes a prominent part of the consciousness of earth.