結構化風險資訊在營造工程施工安全BIM應用的探討

The Application of BIM on Construction Safety Management by Using the Structured Risk Information

建築資訊模型（BIM）由於其豐富的三維模擬與資訊承載能力，改變了施工安全管理等營造工程許多領域的工作模式，也成為了一項重要的營造工程職安衛科技。因此，研究營造工程施工安全BIM應用的務實可行方法，將有助於營造工程職安衛管理能力的提升。為此，本研究首先探討各國推動營造工程施工安全BIM應用的做法，並歸納出營造工程施工安全BIM應用朝向「場景模擬→安衛元件庫→結構化風險資訊」的趨勢發展，回歸到風險資訊的傳遞與共享。因此，本研究根據國際發展趨勢、國內制度指引、工程習慣與職災案例報告等，建立一套將結構化風險資訊應用在營造工程施工安全的務實可行方法，包括使用BIM來定義結構化風險資訊、呈現風險資訊以及產出風險資訊清單等步驟，讓風險資訊經由BIM有效傳遞至工程相關參與者進行協作使用。本研究同時以管道間開口墜落、電梯直井墜落、吊料作業墜落等風險進行案例驗證，結果顯示本研究所提的方法可有效描述風險資訊，並能呈現風險控制措施前後差異，有利於風險資訊的共享與使用。使用結構化風險資訊方法可有助於工程規劃施工風險評估、工程變更施工風險評估、復工申請、危害告知、組織知識累積等工作，提高風險評估與風險管理能力。

Building Information Modeling, due to its rich 3D simulation and information carrying capacity, has changed the work mode of many fields in the construction industry such as construction safety management, and has also become an important construction OSH technology. Therefore, studying the practical and feasible method of BIM application in construction safety will facilitate improving construction occupational safety and health management capability. Hence, this paper first explores the BIM applications from various countries and concludes that the BIM application on construction safety is developing towards the trend of scenario simulation to BIM component library and then to structured risk information, returning to the sharing and using of risk information. Therefore, according to international development trends, domestic guidelines, engineering habits, and occupational disaster reports, this paper establishes a practical and feasible method for applying structured risk information on construction safety management, including the using of BIM to define structured risk information, present risk information, and produce risk information lists, etc., so that the risk information can be effectively shared to relevant project participants through BIM for collaborative using. This paper also takes the falling risks of pipe openings, elevator shafts, and lifting operations to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can effectively describe the risk information and present the differences before and after risk control measures, which is beneficial for sharing and using the risk information. The using of the structured risk information method can contribute to the risk assessment of project planning and construction, risk assessment of project changing, application of work resumption, hazard notification, and organizational knowledge accumulation to improve the risk assessment and risk management capabilities.