寬一點、大一點、近一點、與集中一點，好嗎？台灣自行車及其零件製造業群聚的生態分析

Wider, Bigger, Closer, and More Centralized. Do They Matter? The Ecology Analysis of Bicycle and Parts Manufacturing Cluster in Taiwan

台灣為全球自行車第二大出口國。許多廠商群聚於台中、彰化一帶，形塑成極具特色的產業生態。基於此，本研究主要的研究問題：從組織生態學的利基理論、密度依賴與資源分割等觀點，來討論台灣自行車及其零組件製造業各廠商的利基空間寬一點、組織規模大一點、離中心企業近一點、與產業集中一點是否影響組織的生死？為找出研究問題的答案，本研究長期追蹤1970－2014年期間，台灣自行車產業群聚相關的組織生態變項，應用log-normal危險函數來進行檢證。實證結果：（1）利基空間對組織死亡的影響呈倒U字型的關係；（2）利基重疊密度愈高，組織死亡率愈高；（3）組織規模對組織死亡的影響呈U字型的關係；（4）產業集中度愈高，組織死亡率愈低。上述發現皆傳達深遠的管理意涵。

Taiwan is the second largest exporter of bicycles in the world. Taichung and Changhua has shaped the ecology environment of bicycle industry. Based on the perspectives of niche theory, organizational size, and resource partitioning for organizational ecology, this research question of this study is niche space wider, organization size bigger, closer to the central business, and more industry centralized, do they matter? To find answers to the above questions, this study adopted log-normal hazard function to analyze the determinants of organizational ecology, collected from 1970 to 2014 unbalanced longitudinal pooling data, bicycle related factories located at Taichung and Changhua area. Empirical results indicate that: (1) there was inverted U-shaped relationship between niche width and organizational mortality; (2) the higher niche overlap density was, the higher organizational mortality was; (3) there was a U-shaped relationship between organizational mortality and organizational size; (4) the more industry centralized was, the lower organizational mortality was. The above results show profound management implications.