一樣風雨兩樣情：兩個泰雅部落土石流災害識覺與災後重建調適行為的比較

Landslide Leads to Different Futures: A Comparison of Disaster Perception and Adaptation Behavior of Two Indigenous Atayal Tribal Communities

2015年蘇迪勒颱風及後續環流所挾之強降雨，分別直接與間接對桃園市復興區合流部落與嘎色鬧部落造成土石流災害。災後，兩部落分別以異地及原地方式重建，目前兩部落之屋舍硬體皆已重建完成，然而吾人卻缺乏對居民災害識覺與重建決策之根本理解。本研究運用災害識覺觀點，探討兩部落重建決策與復原過程等調適行為之異同，以半結構式深度訪談蒐集一手資料並進行兩個案之綜合比較。研究結果發現，總體而言受災程度等災害經驗會顯著影響災害識覺，並且會影響撤離意願與重建區位選擇等調適行為。此外，異地重建是具體降低暴露於災害風險的調適方法之一，但也因此降低居民往後臨災時之撤離意願；而原地重建之決策則須承受災害的再發生風險，因此居民的調適行為除了源於受災經驗的臨災調適行為，也搭配公部門的工程減災手段。除了受災經驗與識覺等內生因素對調適行為的影響，我們亦發現外部因素（例如，避難處所規劃、公權力執行方法）與災害識覺及行為之高度相關。本研究建議公部門與部落災後重建時，應有雙向的風險溝通，並拉長時間至後續復原過程，因應環境與在地脈絡調整減災與臨災方式，以確保實質且有效的降低部落居民的災害風險。

Heavy rainfall associated with Typhoon Soudelor in 2015 both directly and indirectly caused landslide disaster events that affected two indigenous Atayal tribes, the Heliu and the Ksunu, who were residing in Taoyuan City. The affected tripes made the decision to either rebuild in-situ (Ksunu) or relocate to a nearby location (Heliu). This study uses hazard perception and adaptive behavior to explore the similarities and differences between the two tribes' reconstruction decisions and recovery processes. In-depth interviews were conducted to collect first-hand data for comparison. Results showed that factors such as level of impact significantly influenced disaster perception; moreover, it was directly related to adaptive behavior, such as willingness to evacuate in the future or the selection of the relocation site. As relocation could essentially reduce disaster risk, the relocated residents' willingness to evacuate dropped dramatically at the same time. In situ reconstruction implies that residents accepted the risk of future disaster reoccurrence; engineering measures were therefore adopted, but also a continuous, even increased sensitivity to environmental hazards. In addition to innate human factors, this study found that external influences, such as evacuation shelter planning and public authority implementation, could play critical roles in residents' behaviors. We suggest that a two-way approach featuring equality-based risk communication should be utilized throughout the entire disaster management process to ensure effective disaster risk reduction measures that reflect residents' needs and attitudes.