臺灣非營利組織參與政府災害防救之協力經驗

The Partnership Experience Between Non-Profit Organizations and the Government in Disaster Management

非營利組織所提供的協助有助於減緩災害的發生，而其快速、機動性的特質正可以彌補政府部門無法及時因應或滿足民眾基本需求的困境，對於當地長時間的災害重建工作有相當的助益，甚至可以成為政府的重要災害整備成員，故非營利組織參與政府災害防救之協力經驗值得重視。有關協力議題本應基於協力雙方的利害關係人來探討才能還原其全貌，然受限於篇幅，本文僅從非營利組織的視角來進行觀察分析。研究發現，臺灣非營利組織與政府在緊急救援過程中的協力關係雖然有進步的趨勢，但「友誼網絡」尚未建立，另外也可以分別從：（1）建立雙向多元溝通協調機制，以強化防救災的運作成效；（2）信任僅奠基在方案承接上，難以累積深厚的信賴關係；（3）協力雙方雖各自擁有資源，卻缺乏有效的整合管道三大面向來探討強化災害防救協力關係的作法。最後，我國非營利組織參與災害防救雖然意味著民主治理與新公共的展現與落實，但卻也出現組織類型、規模與知名度限制協力網絡成員，以及地方政府應急行動的組織能力不足，限制協力成效的發揮這兩項課題。

Services that non-profit organizations (NPO) provide can reduce the impact of disasters. Their fast paced nature and high mobility can support the government when the latter cannot react timely enough to or fulfill public needs. They are helpful to local post-disaster reconstruction in the long run, and NPOs can be an important partner to the government during times of disaster. Therefore, the partnership experience of non-profit organizations participating in government disaster prevention is important. Partnerships should be discussed based on the stakeholder relationship; however, due to the length limitation of this article, this study will focus on the NPOs' views on these partnerships. The research has found that while there has been improvements in the NPO and government partnerships during emergency rescue, the ＂Friendship Network＂ has not yet been established. Also, (1) bilateral and multilateral communications should be built to enhance disaster management; (2) it is difficult to build trust relationships when trust is only based on the foundation of case outsourcing; and (3) each body possesses resources that lack integration which fail to enhance the disaster support systems. Finally, NPOs participating in disaster rescue are indicators of the realization of democratic and new governance; however, organization type, scale, and popularity limits these partnerships in expanding their network, and the inabilities of local governments limit the effectiveness of partnerships.