型塑學校優勢方法之探究：國小校長德懷術觀點

An Approach of Variable Methods to Construct the School's Advantages—Elementary School Principals' Perspective via Delphi Technique

學校優勢是千百年不墜的熱門議題，學校優勢可營造優質學習環境與教學品質，確保學生獲得競爭力之管道。本研究首先採用德懷術，邀集100位小學校長，進行三回合之調查與共識綜整，並根據文獻網羅時間橫軸與縱軸之學校優勢相關因素，聚焦成99道衡量題項之校長問卷。透過對國內小學校長進行立意抽樣調查，取得149份有效樣本。利用探索性因素分析（EFA）方法，對校長問卷調查結果，進行25次之刪題重作因素分析。最終，完成學校優勢評估指標之建構，即教學品質的互惠性9題項與長遠發展的穩定性之8題項，對於型塑學校優勢，提供精準、便捷可行之參考策略。

The advantage of the school is a popular issue that has not fallen for thousands of years. The advantage of the school can create a high-quality learning environment and teaching quality to ensure that students can obtain a channel of competitiveness. In this study, we adopted the Delphi technique and invited 100 primary school principals to conduct a three-round survey and review. Based on the literature of factors related to school advantages, the aim on a principal questionnaire with 99 items. The survey of domestic primary school principals was conducted, and 149 valid samples were obtained. According to the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method, 25 repeated analysis progresses were examed on the results of the principal questionnaire. Eventually, the construction of the school's advantage evaluation index, that is, the 9 items of the reciprocity of teaching quality and the 8 items of the stability of long-term development, provide accurate, convenient and feasible reference strategies for shaping the school's advantages.