被形塑的「認同」：澤村榮治與國族主義下的日本職棒（1934－1944）

Shaped “Identity＂: Eiji Sawamura and Nippon Professional Baseball under Nationalism (1934-1944)

本文旨在探討1930年代起至1945年太平洋戰爭的結束，在國族主義下，澤村榮治以及日本職棒的形成與發展。透過在1934年的日美棒球交流賽中，澤村榮治其精彩表現與《讀賣新聞》的報導，如何表現出日本國族主義的滲透如何由體育場外轉移到場內。而1936年日本職棒聯盟的成形，更是國族主義的具體表現。戰爭爆發後，適逢政府朝向軍國主義化的發展，在總體戰體制的號召下，職棒聯盟為求生存，選擇走向與國家一致的道路，並在聯盟制度上體現其國族主義至上的思維。不論是聯盟或者球員，選擇依附在國家政策下，是出自對國家的認同，又或是對現實的無奈。澤村榮治個人的球員經歷與日本職棒初期的發展，事實上反映運動在日本的戰時體制下，也具有強烈「國家認同」的形塑與挪用。

This article aims to discuss Sawamura Eiji and development of Nippon Professional Baseball under Nationalism of Japan during 1930s to 1945. There are two major essays. The First, Sawamura Eiji performance in the Japan-U.S. Exchange Match led the peak of Nippon Nationalism. The Second, the Nippon Professional Baseball League, eatablished in 1936, encounted developing Japanese Militarism. Eventually they chose the same way standing with their country for survival. Whether the league or its baseball players chose following national policy to show their national identity or just due to that they had no choice, the article presents another appearance of development of Japanese baseball under the war.