從構式語法理論探究漢語讓步條件句之篇章特徵

A Study of Chinese Concessive Conditionals in Written Discourse: A Construction Grammar Theoretical Account

讓步條件句可分為三大類：單項讓步條件句、雙項讓步條件句和全項讓步條件句。漢語的單項讓步條件句由「儘管」、「固然」、「就算」、「即使」、「即便」、「縱使」和「縱然」標記，雙項和全項讓步條件句則都由「不管」、「不論」和「無論」標記。本研究以構式語法理論（Goldberg 1995, 2006）為視角考察漢語讓步條件句。研究中所使用的書面語料取自「聯合知識庫」。研究發現，「儘管」和「固然」最常與「但」搭配，「就算」、「即使」和「即便」與「也」搭配，而「不管」、「不論」和「無論」最常與「都」搭配。此外，單項讓步條件句較常在篇章上出現的結構為X－X’－Y和X－Y－X’。除了此基本結構，它們中間可插入「只要」、「若」或「如果」句作延伸。讓步條件句多作承接或轉折用，而雙項和全項讓步條件句除了作承接用，也常作篇章的總結之用。

As the name indicates, concessive conditionals share certain functional properties with both concessives and conditionals. They can be categorized into three types: (1) scalar, (2) alternative, and (3) universal concessive conditionals (Haspelmath and Knöig 1998). Chinese scalar concessive conditionals are usually marked by jishi, jibian, zongran, zongshi, jinguan, guran, or jiusuan ''even though'', while alternative and universal concessive conditionals are introduced by wulun, bulun, or buguan ''no matter who/where/how''. Based on Construction Grammar (Goldberg 1995, 2006), this study aimed to investigate the textual characteristics of the three types of Chinese concessive conditionals (i.e. scalar, alternative and universal concessive conditionals) in their collocations and discourse structures. The data came from UDNDATA, a newspaper database of the United Daily News group. The results show that Chinese scalar concessive conditionals marked by jinguan, guran, jiushuan, jishi, jibian, zongshi and zongran, convey two types of meanings. When they denote a real situation, which often co-occur with the contrastive markers such as dan(shi) to express contrast, they are similar to suiran ''though/although'', especially jinguan and guran. When they describe a possible situation, they are similar to conditionals. On the other hand, the alternative and universal concessive conditionals marked by buguan/bulun/wulun often co-occur with dou ''all''. The data indicate that there are two common patterns of Chinese scalar concessive conditionals in written discourse: X-X’-Y and X-Y-X’ and that the most common pattern of the alternative and universal concessive conditionals is X-Y-X’. The main functions the concessive conditionals perform in discourse are elaborating the preceding discourse, making transition, and concluding the previous text.