臺灣懷孕婦女身心健康適應問卷之發展研究

Development of Taiwanese Pregnant Women Adjustment Scale

本研究旨在編製適用於評估臺灣懷孕婦女在懷孕期間之身心適應問卷，檢視懷孕為婦女的生活帶來的身心變化，作為提供懷孕婦女適切的心理健康服務之依據。本研究基於研究者過去的研究與實務經驗、文獻回顧以及專家學者之意見，發展出58題孕期身心適應問卷初稿，包含「生理變化」、「心理壓力」、「負向情緒」、「正向情緒」、「婚姻品質」以及「社會支持」等六個向度。問卷發展共計分成三個階段，第一階段，以166位懷孕婦女為預試對象，經探索性因素分析以及內部一致性分析之結果刪除題項，形成38題正式問卷。第二階段，以653位懷孕婦女為研究對象（A樣本），進行二次的探索性因素分析，刪除7題，形成31題最終問卷。第三階段，以656位懷孕婦女為研究對象（B樣本），進行驗證性因素分析。全量表與六因素之內部一致性Cronbach’s α為.76～.94，驗證性因素分析整體模型適配度指標亦在合理範圍，臺灣懷孕婦女身心適應問卷各項分數與孕期憂鬱、不同層面生活品質皆有顯著相關。本研究自編的臺灣懷孕婦女身心適應問卷具有良好的信效度，應是適用於評估臺灣孕期婦女身心適應情況的工具。

Pregnant women undergo considerable changes in terms of their bodies, emotions, and social roles and are at risk of stress and low quality of life. This study developed an adjustment scale for assessing Taiwanese pregnant women and examined the physical and psychological changes that occur during pregnancy to provide them with appropriate mental health services. On the basis of our literature review and practical experience as well as expert opinion, this study developed the first draft of Taiwanese Pregnant Women Adjustment Scale, comprising 58 items pertaining to the following six dimensions: physiological changes, psychological stress, negative emotions, positive emotions, quality of marriage, and social support. The scales' development was divided into three stages: In the first stage, 166 pregnant women were recruited in the pilot study, and the collected data were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and internal consistency analysis to develop a 38-item questionnaire. In the second stage, a valid sample comprising 653 pregnant women (sample A) was used to conduct a second EFA to develop the final 31-itme questionnaire. In the third stage, a valid sample comprising 656 pregnant women (sample B) was employed for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale and the six subscales ranged between .76 and .94, indicating their reliability. The CFA results also indicated that the model was supported by observed data, and the model's stability was confirmed. The results supported the six-dimension model. Moreover, prenatal depression, three dimensions of quality of life, and adjustment during pregnancy were found to be strongly correlated, indicating criterion validities—consistent with previous results. Thus, the Taiwanese Pregnant Women Adjustment Scale has adequate reliability and validity and could be used to evaluate the degree of adjustment Taiwanese women undergo during pregnancy.