社會交換視角下的信任──性別與異質性的社會資本

Trust from the Perspective of Social Exchange: Gender and Heterogeneous Social Capital

信任涉及人類生活的層面很廣，小至人與人的互動、個人經濟交易行為，大至個人對政府的認同，都需要以信任為基礎。社會學家、政治學家、經濟學家，甚至神經科學家都有涉入信任的研究，然而鮮少有跨領域之間的合作。本研究結合實驗經濟學的實驗法，從社會交換的過程來探討信任行為的建立。研究發現，在信任交換的過程中，當互惠性愈高，雙方交換的風險降低，個體愈願意給予對方信任。而性別上的差異，更多展現在異質性的社會資本上。當社會資本異質性低時，男女的差異不大，但社會資本的異質性高時，男生就顯著的給予更多的信任。

Trust involves the wide range of aspects of social life, including personal economic transactions, an individual’s recognition of govern-ment authority, business and trade conducted between different organ-izations. Sociologists, political scientists, economists, and even neuro-scientists have all researched trust, but their work seldom draws on in-terdisciplinary cooperation. Therefore, this study combines behavioral economics with social network and social capital theory to interpret the various operational mechanisms responsible for trust behaviors. The re-sults show that the more heterogeneous the social capital possessed by boys, the more trust they are willing to invest in processes of trust ex-change. In trust exchanges, there is a significant influence on mutuality as individuals (trustors) are more willing to invest trust when, in a pre-vious round, trustees received greater rewards.