歐盟自動駕駛車之發展策略與法律規範

EU Development Strategy and Legal Control of Automated Vehicles

人工智慧（AI）結合數位科技之發展，自2010年之後已逐漸應用於自駕車產業。自駕車的發展將帶來創新的功能與機會，也會影響各國的交通結構以及人類的生活方式。自駕車對各國經濟、社會、倫理、生活等方面帶來新的問題與挑戰。自駕車法律建構因此扮演一項重要因素，以規範自駕車的發展秩序、創新研發、安全標準、風險責任、公平競爭與貿易機會等法律關係。汽車乃歐盟一項重要產業，歐盟相當重視自駕車之發展。本文研究歐盟自駕車的發展策略及法律規範，以了解歐盟自駕車發展過程遭遇哪些問題，又採取哪些因應政策？歐盟自駕車安全要求以及智慧交通系統又如何規範及建構？歐盟自駕車建制有哪些特徵、意涵、影響，同時又能提供臺灣哪些參考及啟示。

Automated vehicles (AVs) have been an emerging industry in line with the development of artificial intelligence (AI), digital technology, and connected mobility since 2010. These technologies arrived sud-denly on the market, and their future development is expected to accel-erate. AVs promise many opportunities and benefits, but also pose many challenges regarding their social impact and the transport system. Reg-ulation plays a key role in the development of AVs in the EU, ensuring AV safety, delineating legal responsibilities, privacy and consumer pro-tection, risk control, fair competition, market access, public confidence, etc. The EU has paid a great deal of attention to AV because the auto-mobile industry is crucially important to the European economy. This paper examines the development strategy and legal framework for AV in the EU, particularly focusing on the following core issues: the con-cept of AV, development, strategy, safety requirements, opportunities and challenges of the AV, the formation of Intelligent Transport Sys-tem, the specific features of the EU’s AV regulation and policies, the significance and impact of the same, and any implications for Taiwan.