美菲軍事合作與美軍對菲律賓的救災援助

U.S.-Philippines Military Cooperation and U.S. Military Humanitarian and Disaster Relief in the Philippines

冷戰後美軍透過救災援助等非傳統安全合作，建立更廣泛的安全夥伴網絡，並增強既有同盟對美軍的信任。在亞太地區，菲律賓是美國救災援助的最大受援者。顯然美菲間長久的軍事同盟，讓菲律賓和周邊的東南亞鄰國有所不同。但是，美菲同盟關係自2000年以來經歷數次波折，因此，究竟是救災援助促進美菲軍事同盟強化？還是美菲軍事同盟強化促進雙方的災難合作呢？通過回顧艾若育到杜特蒂三位總統期間的美菲軍事合作與救災援助，本文發現，當美菲軍事合作日趨緊密時，雙方救災相關的合作也頻繁進行。但是當雙邊軍事合作鬆散時，美軍對菲律賓的救災援助也隨之減少。雖然以往不少研究認為，災難合作會促進兩國外交關係的推進，但在美國對菲律賓的救災援助剛好相反，是災難外交受到軍事合作的影響。

In the post-Cold War era, U.S. troops have conducted a variety of non-traditional security cooperation such as humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to establish a broad-range security network and to boost the confidence of allies in the U.S. In the Asia Pacific, the Philippines is the largest recipient of U.S. assistance in disaster relief. Obviously, the long existence of the U.S.-Philippine alliance distinguishes the Philippines from the Southeast Asian neighbors. Nevertheless, the U.S.-Philippine alliance has experienced several ups-and-downs in the last two decades. Thus, it is worthwhile studying whether it is U.S. disaster relief assistance that saves the alliance from collapse or the alliance itself that facilitates disaster cooperation. In view of the U.S.-Philippine relations from President Arroyo through President Duterte, this paper finds that U.S. disaster relief assistance to the Philippines goes hand-in-hand with the advancement of bilateral military cooperation. This finding contradicts the conventional wisdom that disaster cooperation spurs breakthroughs in bilateral relations.