唐代茶詩之研究

Tea poetry in Tang dynasty

中國人的飲茶文化歷史悠久，迄至唐代中期（8世紀），茶成為國飲。陸羽《茶經》是世界上第一部介紹茶的專書，內容涵蓋廣闊，集中國古代茶藝的精粹。隨著品茗文化在唐代中期以後漸趨普及，茶飲的高雅品味被人們肯定，茶飲成為生活不可或缺的一部份，文人茶聚成為日常生活的休閒活動。以茶事入詩也就順理成章，造成大量唐代精美的茶詩繁英。其內容和藝術形式對中國歷代的茶藝文化影響深遠。 大唐建國以長安為中心，匯聚眾多的文人雅士、詩人墨客和茶界名流，如詩人李白、杜甫、白居易，書法家顏真卿、柳公權，畫家吳道子、王維、韓滉；音樂家白明達、李龜年等，他們辦茶會、啜茗品、寫茶詩、作茶文、品茶論道，以茶會友。據〈全唐詩〉不完全統計，涉及茶事的詩作有600餘首，詩人有150餘人。（註1）李白、杜甫、白居易等，皆創作大批以茶為題材的詩篇。李白〈贈玉泉仙人掌茶〉、杜甫〈重過何氏五首之三〉、白居易〈茶山境會亭歡宴〉、杜牧〈題茶山〉、柳宗元〈竹間自采茶詩〉、溫庭筠〈采茶歌〉、顏真卿等六人合作〈五言月夜啜茶聯句〉等等，在在顯示唐代茶詩的興盛與普及。

It has been a very long history for the Chinese to drink tea. Up to the middle of Tang Dynasty (the 8th centuries), drinking tea became popular in nationwide. The book { Cha-ching} written by Yu Lu is the first book in the world to introduce tea art, its content covers extensive knowledge and the cream of ancient tea art. Along with tea art gradually gained it popularity after the middle of Tang dynasty, the elegant savor of tea art was affirmed by people. Tea drinks became a living necessary and scholars' tea gathers also became recreational activities in daily life. Taking the theme of tea art into poetry writings is the matter of course. It shaped large quantities of splendid and magnificent tea poems. Contents and the art of these tea poems form noteworthy influences on the tea culture in a number of the following Chinese dynasties. The Tang dynasty founded the nation in the city of Chang-An as the center. It gathered numerous scholars, known people, poet's writers and the tea celebrity, like Bai Lee, Fu Du, Jyu-Yi Bai, calligrapher Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gunchien, painter Wu Daotz, Wang Wei, Huang Han, the musicians - Bai Minda and Lee Gueynan. They did several activities about the tea art as organize tea meetings, drink tea, write tea poetry, make critical remarks about the tea art and meet friends in tea gatherings. For example, tea poems of Bai Lee (Presents as a Gift Cactus Tea to Yuchen) , Fu Du ( The Third Poem in a Five-piece Poems for Revisiting Mr. Ho), Jyu-Yi Bai (the Joyful Banquet in Chashan Pavilion), Mu Du ( the Chashan topic ) , Liu Zongyuan ( Tea-pick between Bamboo Poem) , Win Tiengin (Tea-pick Song) , and a collaborative work by Yan Zhenqing and six other people on ( Five Syllable Poem on Moonlit Night to Sip Tea) . All of these represent its prosperity and popularity of the tea poetry in Tang dynasty.