後現代知識經濟的權力／宰制關係初探－－以福科權力／知識觀點分析

An Exploration on the Power/Domination Relation-ship in the Knowledge Economy-From the Viewpoint of Michel Foucault

本文嘗試以福科的「權力∕知識」觀來分析知識經濟中權力∕宰制的關係。首先介紹福科的生平、著作、思想源泉與學說特色。其中福科深受尼采影響，而1968年的巴黎學潮促使他的研究方法由考古學轉向系譜學。在網際網路的運用與知識經濟蓬勃開展的關係當中，「以知識為基礎的經濟」是1990年代網際網路被商業應用所促成的，這種知識積累、傳播產生許多新創產業。「資訊及通信技術」的精進幫助資訊取得與創造新知識。本文試圖以「果汁機理論」說明知識經濟加速科際整合，造成社會界線的「內爆」。在知識經濟的生產當中，無形資本的角色日益加重，跨國公司更在生化、製藥、電子產業成為常態，這同時形成「權力∕宰制」的孿生關係。分殊化知識的論述擁有權力，在生活中對吾人進行宰制。正如福科指出，權力從18世紀以來便逐漸細膩化，而滲透於各個場域、各個論述裡。知識透過權力的施行，回頭又形成知識，掌握知識的人轉而宰制他周遭的人與物。在現代社會中，國家的主權依然透過法律與規訓的形式來施加在個人的身上，這是權力∕宰制的集體現象。由於人在規訓的社會中成為「聽命順從的身體」，法律便窄化成為刑法，國家也非如馬派所宣稱功能將會萎縮而消亡，反而更膨脹囂張。此外，國際性的組織也在知識經濟的權力∕宰制架構裡起著相當的作用。

This article attempts to analyze the power/domination relationship in the knowledge-based economy from Michel Foucault power/knowledge viewpoint. First, this article sketches his life and major writings. Then, it treats the origins and main features of his doctrine. Foucault himself was deeply influenced by Nietzsche. The 1968 student revolt in Paris changed Foucault's method of research from archeology to genealogy. The relationship of the utilizing of Internet (World-wide Web )and the blooming of knowledge economy is the amazing phenomena of the present-day world. "Knowledge-based economy" is promoted by commercial usage of Internet. In this type of economy, accumulation 'and transmission of knowledge enhances the produce of electronic industries. Progressing of"Information and Communication Technologies"(ICTs) helps to gather information and then to create new knowledge. The author constructs a "Mixer Theory" for illustrating the "implosion" in knowledge economy, where the integration of the subjects induces the lift-up of the boundary of society. Intangible assets play heavier roles, and the multinational companies (MNCs) become lucrative and powerful in biochemistry, medicine and electronic industries, that is, in knowledge economy. This kind of economy is characterized to have "power/domination" relationship. It is obvious that specified knowledge has its power, and dominates our daily life throughout codifying knowledge from overwhelmingly codes. As Foucault points out, the way of employing power is more subtle from 18th century onward, and power is penetrating in every discourse and site. By carrying out the power, knowledge reproduces itself. In the modem society, the sovereignty of states still superimpose their will to every citizen in the form of law and disciplines. Because subjects and the people become a "docile bodies" in the disciplinary society, the law seems to be narrowed down as criminal law. But the states' function do not shrink and vanish, let alone wither-away. Besides, international organisations also play crucial role in the framework of power/domination of knowledge economy.