臺北市復康巴士路線規劃問題之研究

The Vehicle Routing Problem of Taipei Fu-kang Bus

隨著近年來國內社會福利制度日趨健全，身心障礙者運輸問題日益受到社會大眾關注，建立及門服務之撥召運輸系統已是政府相關機構之施政方針，該系統之特點在於路線及班表深具彈性，且能配合不特定運輸需求者之上下車時間及地點來規劃。從國外撥召運輸系統營運案例發現，隨著其服務範圍擴大，路線規劃的複雜度將巨幅增加，若未妥善處置將降低系統營運之有效性。本研究以現行已實際商業營運之臺北市復康巴士為研究對象，其預約服務系統之路線規劃方式，為待預約時間截止後，以人工比對方式將所有需求資料依經驗進行路線編排。此種運作模式固然易於實行，但較缺乏彈性，無法於顧客進行預約時即進行共乘媒合並告知顧客，對目前已嚴重供不應求的臺北市復康巴士而言，此種作法勢必無法提高系統營運績效以滿足顧客需求。本文之主要目的，便是以臺北市復康巴士現營業者所提供之預約服務方式為基礎，探討其路線規劃問題之特性並研擬合適之求解策略，藉由動態即時的處理流程取代目前的人工靜態處理方式。本研究以啟發式尋優法排定車輛路線及班表，經由案例測試顯示可以提高共乘次數、有效發揮運能，對於乘客與業者都有明顯效益。

Recently, more attention has been paid on the disabled and the elderly for their transportation demands. This makes the dial-a-ride system, provided with high accessibility and mobility, an important issue in Taiwan. The Dial-a-Ride Problem (DARP) consists of designing vehicle routes for many users who specify diversified pick-up and drop-off requests between various origins and destinations. The aim of DARP is to plan a set of minimum-cost vehicle routes capable of accommodating as many users as possible, under a set of practical constraints. The purpose of this paper is to examine the main features of the specific routing concerns associated with Fu-kang Bus and to develop an efficient solution procedure. One drawback of the existing Fu-kang Bus operation is the manual arrangement of vehicle routes and services. When operators had enough experience, this method worked fairly well. But it took more time and didn’t match ride-sharing needs on-line. The heuristic algorithm designed for the realistic DARP problem could reduce operating costs and save more manpower by organizing routes to minimize the number of direct trips, thereby reduce the number of vehicles required.