高速公路大客車跟車駕駛反應時間與車間距離關係之模擬與分析

Simulation and Analysis of the Relationship Between Car Following Reaction Time and Spacing for Freeway Bus Driving Behaviors

由於車輛跟車駕駛之感知反應時間為道路交通中駕駛者的重要行為特性之一，也是許多交通工程設施與先進安全車輛警示系統設計的重要參數，因此如何衡量出車輛駕駛者在跟車行為過程中，因應不同交通與道路狀況的真實感知反應時間，乃成為駕駛者行為特性研究的重要課題。本研究利用大客車駕駛模擬器之重複實驗特性，建立大客車在高速公路平直路段之跟車實驗設計，據以分析職業大客車駕駛者在跟車過程中，因應前車事件變化之感知反應時間特性，並探討感知反應時間與車間距離的關係，作為大客車安全跟車間距規範研訂與縱向防撞警示系統開發的基礎。

The perception reaction time (PRT) of car following of driver is an important driving behavior characteristic of road traffic. It is also an important parameter for the design of traffic engineering devices and advanced vehicle safety warning systems. Therefore, the study of proper perception reaction time of car following for different vehicle drivers under various traffic and road conditions has become a very important issue in driving behavior research. This study utilizes a bus-driving simulator to develop a car following experiment design for bus driving on a smooth and straight freeway section. Data of car following perception reaction time were collected and analyzed when bus drivers in the experiment detected and responded to the deceleration and acceleration incidents of a front car. The relationship between perception reaction time and vehicle spacing is also analyzed. Some results of this study will be a useful basis in developing safety regulations concerning car following spacing and rear-end collision warning systems for bus driving behaviors.