我國軌道運輸安全與責任法規之檢討研究

Enhancing Railway Transportation Safety through Safety and Liability Law

隨著軌道運輸系統日益增加，其與民眾之生活已產生密不可分之關係。對於平時如何維持系統正常運作並保有一定之安全水準，以及事故發生後完善的損害賠償制度，則需要一套健全安全與責任規範制度，以期能提升我國軌道運輸系統安全，釐清軌道運輸安全與責任關係，保障旅客及社會大眾權益。本文首先以安全與責任規範所著重之「預防」與「警示」觀點，探討我國鐵路法與大眾捷運法現行安全與責任規範，論述如何在相關規範中建立軌道運輸系統安全驗證與認證、行車標準及監督管理等制度。其次，分析比較軌道運輸責任規範之歸責原則，並闡述軌道運輸事故損害賠償，及責任保險制度。本研究嘗試以系統化分析方式，從現行法規架構下，構建出完整安全管理架構，以及歸責賠償保險問題，研提改善之措施與修法之建議，俾利軌道主管機構及相關單位參考。

Railway transportation is having a more important role in the major cities of Taiwan. In order to maintain the railway transportation operation to provide convenient and safe service, a set of safety laws and indemnity regulations is required to clarify the liability of any safety problem in case of accidents. In this study, the potential safety problems of railway transportation in Taiwan were explored through reviewing the existing safety and liability regulations. Based on the context of current system safety regulations, a conceptual framework of the lifecycle safety regulations for railway transportation was established. Some improvements and suggestions for modifications of the safety and liability regulations in the Railway Law and Mass Rapid Transit Law were developed from the perspectives of "prevention" and "caution".