亞洲地區國際機場之營運效率評估資料包絡分析法之應用

Evaluation of the Operational Efficiency of Major Airports in the Asia Region: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

根據ICAO統計資料，亞太地區的平均貨物量與旅運量旦現逐年成長狀態，且僅次於北美地區為全球第二大的航空貨運市場，深兵發展潛力。而透過不同區域間機場的評估比較，可了解各受評機場的發展狀態並掌握其相對營運優劣勢。本研究應用資料包絡分析法(DEA)中的五種模式(CCR、BCC、簡單交叉效率、整合交叉效率、A&P模式)評估亞洲地區十座國際機場(包含台灣中正、東京成田、大阪關西、漢城金浦、香港赤臘角、泰國曼谷、新加坡樟宜、菲律賓馬尼拉、上海浦東與北京首都機場)之管運效率，期能藉由DEA效率值建立機場營運效率評估指標。同時根據不同的效率值，將十座機場進行分群，使機場使用者能對機場所提供的服務進行比較衡量，並評估相對無效率機場之資源使用狀態。再者探討影響機場效率之因素(如:民營化機場、軸心機場、經濟成長率)與機場營運效率之關餘，進一步掌握亞洲地區國際機場的發展契機與競爭優勢。

According to the ICAO, airline cargo tonnage of the Asia-Pacifìc region is ranking second in worldwide market which is merely less than the North American region. Thus, it is important to evaluate the operational efficiency of major airports in order to improve the competitive advantage. In this research, Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is adopted to evaluate the operational efficiency of ten international airports in Asia, including Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Osaka, Gimpo, Pudong, Beijing, Manila, Bangkok,and Taipei. Five different DEA moels, including CCR, BCC, Simple Cross-efficiency, Aggressive Cross-efficiency, and A&P models, are used to produce multiple efficiency values for performance comparision. The purpose is to help set up the management strategy for improving competitiveness through DEA efficiency values, Meanwhile, the ten airports are categorized into three groups according to the multiple efficiency values, Moreover, the relationships between operational efficiency of international airport and the factors that affect efficiency, e.g., privatization of airport, hub airport and economic growth are also discussed.