文武職公務員職務性質差異之研究

A Study on the Different characteristics between Soldiers and Civil Servants

2018年針對公務員年金改革雖然經過司法院大法官解釋作出後，業已塵埃落定。最近又有媒體表示退撫基金可能不久後仍會破產，屆時必須再檢討。雖然政府部門並未認可，但可以想像的是，將來在軍人與公務員差異性這一部份勢必又會成為焦點。其中，最重要的是軍人有關服役特殊性部分，應持續予以納入通盤考量。關鍵即必須從兩者性質與勤務本質差異分析。本文從分析法定規範與非法定規範之差異出發，探究兩者工時、勤務內容、食、宿與調動、品位要求強度、參與政治之限制、一般表現自由之限制、體能要求差異、服從性要求差異、審判機制差異、婚姻之限制、社會觀感、工作危害生命程度差異等。經由研究兩者之差異性，期能提供政府制定軍人待遇參考。若爾後再度修訂退撫法規時，可以提供適切、客觀之建議。

Although the reform of the civil service annuity in 2018 has been finalized after being explained by the Justice of the Court. Recently, some media said that the retirement fund may still go bankrupt in the near future. Although government departments have not approved it, it is conceivable that the difference between soldiers and civil servants will become the focus again in the future. The point is to analyze the difference between Soldiers and Civil Servants. This article starts from the analysis of the differences between legal norms and non-statutory norms, and explores the working hours, service content, eating , accommodation and transfer , the strength of Moral character, restrictions on participation in politics, restrictions on general freedom of expression, differences in Physical fitness requirements, Differences in Obedience, differences in trial mechanisms, restrictions on marriage, social perceptions, differences in the extent to which work jeopardizes life. By studying the differences between the two, hope to provide the government with reference to the formulation of military treatment. When Amendment of retirement and pension laws later, it can provide appropriate and objective advice.